Direct determination of Al and Pb in waste printed circuit boards (PCB) by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): Evaluation of calibration strategies and economic - environmental questions

Babos, Diego Victor; Cruz-Conesa, Andrés; Pereira-Filho, Edenir Rodrigues; Anzano, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122831

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This creates a plasma that emits light whose spectrum can be characterized using a spectrometer. LIBS can target almost all elements of the periodic table; thus, it has been used extensively to characterize electronic waste [109][110][111][112][113], including Ta, Zr, and Ba in capacitors [114,115], Au and Ag in ICs [110] and rare-earth elements in specific components (speakers, Hard Disk Drive magnets) [116]. We note that the literature is not limited to ECs on WPCBs.…”

Section: Sorting Using Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dismantling of Printed Circuit Boards Enabling Electronic Components Sorting and Their Subsequent Treatment Open Improved Elemental Sustainability Opportunities

et al. 2021

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This critical review focuses on advanced recycling strategies to enable or increase recovery of chemical elements present in waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). Conventional recycling involves manual removal of high value electronic components (ECs), followed by raw crushing of WPCBs, to recover main elements (by weight or value). All other elements remain unrecovered and end up highly diluted in post-processing wastes or ashes. To retrieve these elements, it is necessary to enrich the waste streams, which requires a change of paradigm in WPCB treatment: the disassembly of WPCBs combined with the sorting of ECs. This allows ECs to be separated by composition and to drastically increase chemical element concentration, thus making their recovery economically viable. In this report, we critically review state-of-the-art processes that dismantle and sort ECs, including some unpublished foresight from our laboratory work, which could be implemented in a recycling plant. We then identify research, business opportunities and associated advanced retrieval methods for those elements that can therefore be recovered, such as refractory metals (Ta, Nb, W, Mo), gallium, or lanthanides, or those, such as the platinum group elements, that can be recovered in a more environmentally friendly way than pyrometallurgy. The recovery methods can be directly tuned and adapted to the corresponding stream.

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Section: Sorting Using Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dismantling of Printed Circuit Boards Enabling Electronic Components Sorting and Their Subsequent Treatment Open Improved Elemental Sustainability Opportunities

et al. 2021

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show abstract

“…Another example was presented by Babos et al who used LIBS with several calibration strategies for the analysis of waste printed circuit boards. 247 Matrix-matching calibration, two-point calibration transfer, one-point and multi-line calibration, single-sample calibration and calibration free were the methods used for the LIBS determination of Al and Pb in the solid samples. Each strategy had its advantages and disadvantages when overcoming matrix effects and these were discussed at length.…”

Section: Electronic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%