Direct Determination of Cadmium in Seawater by Standard Addition ICP-QMS/QMS with an ORC

Abstract

A method for direct and precise determination of Cd in seawater by ICP-QMS/QMS was developed, where a high matrix introducing unit permitted the direct introduction of seawater without clogging the cones while the matrix effect of seawater was canceled by standard addition. NH3 gas was selected as the reaction gas for removing the MoO interferences with the measurement of Cd isotopes, effectively improving the signal to background ratio. The lower limit of detection obtained at 114 Cd was 0.0002 ng mL -1 , which is enough for the determination of Cd in natural seawater. The validity of the present method was confirmed by the analysis of two certified reference materials, i.e. NASS-5 and NASS-6, whose observed values of Cd concentration agreed with the certified values. The analytical figures of merit of the present method were comparable to or better than those reported for direct analysis of seawater.

Applications and Uncertainty Estimation of Single Level Standard Addition Method ICP-MS for Elemental Analysis in Various Matrix

“…However, when the procedure blank was relatively higher (for example approximately 5% of the concentration in the sample) and its uncertainty contributed significantly to the analytical result, the uncertainty of the blank should be evaluated regarding the matrix effect on the sensitivity. 42 For this purpose, the B parameter could be calculated based on Signal intensity ratio of the element of interest to the internal standard in the sample.…”

“…Based on a survey of scientific papers, available through the database of Web of Science, there are over 10 papers that cooperate SAM and ICP-MS published per year in this past decade. The applications cover research fields of biology, [33][34][35] cosmetics, [36][37][38] energy, [39][40][41] the environment, [42][43][44] food, [45][46][47] geology, [48][49][50] industry, 51-53 material, [54][55][56] and plants. [57][58][59] The development and application of SAM in these studies proved that SAM is an effective approach for the removal or cancelling of rotational matrix effects in measurements by ICP-MS. On the other hand, the preparation of samples for SAM in a classical way, multiple concentration levels added to the sample, was often thought to be both laborious and timeconsuming.…”

Simultaneous Determination of Cr, As, Se, and Other Trace Metal Elements in Seawater by ICP-MS with Hybrid Simultaneous Preconcentration Combining Iron Hydroxide Coprecipitation and Solid Phase Extraction Using Chelating Resin

“…These days, a high matrix introduction (HMI) unit permits the direct introduction of seawater into ICP-MS. In addition, novel ICP-MS with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS/QMS) as well as with an octapole reaction cell (ORC) have become commercially available, which provides efficient removal of spectral interferences due to oxide species [ 4 ]. However, ICP-MS with preconcentration and desalting remains the most efficient method for the simultaneous and sensitive determination of trace metal elements in seawater without spectral interference and matrix effect.…”