Direct determination of cadmium in sea-water by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with sodium hydroxide as a chemical modifier

Determination of cadmium by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave-assisted digestion of animal tissues and sewage sludges

“…Except a few authors [2], the major part of papers [3,5,6,23,24] reported the use of pyrolytically coated graphite tubes for the determination of cadmium. In the present work, we used Unicam tubes type RW 0768/2-HD (Germany).…”

“…A large number of inorganic salts and organic compounds have been recommended by different workers for the determination of cadmium by ETAAS in various matrices [2,[4][5][6]. On the other hand, attempts to overcome non-spectral interferences have included the use of a L'vov platform [7,8] or the standard addition method [9].…”

Determination of trace metals in sea-water by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry following solid-phase extraction: quantification and reduction of residual matrix effects

“…Several modifiers have been proposed for cadmium, lead, copper and manganese determination in the presence of alkaline and alkaline earth elements, mainly as chlorides. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] However, iron determination is usually performed without any chemical modifier, as suggested by Sturgeon et al 41 The effectiveness of the chemical modifiers in decreasing the interference effects that have been previously quantified was checked on two test solutions. The first solution simulated a real sample after the preconcentration step, while the second contained the same matrix elements, but at concentrations 10-times lower.…”

Large-Volume Injection Electrothermal AAS Combined with Tungsten-treated Pyrolytic Graphite Furnace: Determination of Cadmium in Tap, Snow and River Water Samples with Phosphate Modifier

“…This large-volume injection method made it possible to enhance the limit of detection (LOD) to 2.5 ng l -1 with a Pd modifier by using a hollow-cathod lamp. Various modifiers made the following better LOD values: 15 ng l -1 for 80 µl injection with NaOH, 6 7.5 ng l -1 with ammonium oxalate, 7 5 ng l -1 for multiple injection (20 µl × 3) with (NH4)2HPO4 + HNO3, 8 3 ng l -1 for 99 µl with oxalic acid 9 and 5 ng l -1 with (NH4)2HPO4 + NH4NO3. 10 The electrodeless discharge lamp was usually employed as a high-power radiation source.…”