Direct determination of pyrethrins in pyrethrum extracts by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection

Wang, I-Hsiung; Subramanian, V; Moorman, Richard; Burleson, James; Ko, Jinren

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00969-7

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This amount is known as the limit of quantitation or LOQ [33][34][35][36]. LOQ is sometimes defined as:…”

Section: Sw = [(Mean Of Maximum Signal -3 Maximum ) -(Mean Of Minimummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the HTS environment, it is important to distinguish between Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) which is simply 3 of baseline "noise" from instrument using a "pure" sample vs Method Detection Limit (MDL) which is much less sensitive and uses "real world" samples for testing the analyte [33][34][35][36]. Likewise, in the IVD testing situations, it is important to distinguish Analytical Sensitivity (AS) which refers to the detection of an analyte under purified, laboratory test conditions and Clinical Sensitivity (CS), where the same analyte is detected/quantized under operationally relevant conditions such as patient specimens of throat swab, nasal swab, nasal aspirate, sputum, tears, sweat, saliva, urine, blood, feces, semen, or other similar complex milieu.…”

Section: Sw = [(Mean Of Maximum Signal -3 Maximum ) -(Mean Of Minimummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design Considerations for High Throughput Screening and In Vitro Diagnostic Assays

Achyuthan

Whitten²

2007

CCHTS

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This paper reviews the several different factors that must be considered during the development of assays for high throughput screening (HTS) or in vitro diagnostic (IVD) applications. The reader is introduced to the terminology used in assay development as well as the statistical approaches for evaluating the data. The review is intended to serve as a tutorial to biotechnology, pharmaceutical and clinical professionals, the academic researcher, as well as a guide for established investigators of HTS and IVD. This review is not a comprehensive treatise in its scope or content, but is meant to introduce the reader to key concepts of assay development. Elementary mathematical and statistical tools for designing robust assays and data management are described. While certain design concepts overlap HTS and IVDs, others are more pertinent to one or the other topic. An overview of the regulatory requirements for IVDs is included in the context of the United States Food and Drug Administration. Quality concepts and high content screening are also briefly described. The review does not focus upon any particular assay technology nor does it provide detailed laboratory procedures on specific assays. The references cited are not exhaustive, but meant to steer the reader toward a general status report of the various technologies discussed. The information presented in this review is not intended to replace the judgment of the experienced laboratory scientist. However, this review should assist the scientific professional in executing well designed assays and being aware of design considerations.

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“…This amount is known as the limit of quantitation or LOQ [33][34][35][36]. LOQ is sometimes defined as:…”

Section: Sw = [(Mean Of Maximum Signal -3 Maximum ) -(Mean Of Minimummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sw = [(Mean Of Maximum Signal -3 Maximum ) -(Mean Of Minimummentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Considerations for High Throughput Screening and In Vitro Diagnostic Assays

Achyuthan

Whitten²

2007

CCHTS

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“…Pyrethrins content was estimated through a reverse phase HPLC using a slightly modified method reported earlier (Wang et al 1997). The binary gradient HPLC analysis was carried out on a LC-10AD Shimadzu liquid chromatograph equipped with a l Bondapak C 18 (300 mm · 3.9 mm) column (Waters) and a photodiode array detector.…”

Section: Pyrethrins Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ethrel, chlormequat chloride and paclobutrazol on growth and pyrethrins accumulation in Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Vis.

et al. 2007

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Pyrethrins and flower yield of pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Viz.) plants were determined after application of ethrel, chlormequat chloride and paclobutrazol. Ethrel at 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg l -l produced a significant positive effect on pyrethrins level, decreased plant height, while 50 and 100 mg l -l significantly increased fresh and dry flower yield. Chlormequat chloride at 1000 and 2000 mg l -l and paclobutrazol (80 and 160 mg l -l ) increased pyrethrins level, single flower weight and decreased plant height and flower yield. 14 C-acetate incorporation studies further substantiated positive effect of growth retardants on pyrethrins biosynthesis. The effect of growth retardants on pyrethrins seems to be mediated through its effect on biosynthesis.

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“…RPHPLC on C18 stationary phases [4,7] with acetonitrile-water mobile phases [7][8][9] has been used for the determination of the six natural pyrethrins. On a Nucleosil 100-5C 18 column with acetonitrile-water gradient elution we achieved excellent separation and resolution of the six compounds and the standard in ca 33 min (Experimental and Figure 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the need for not only analytical but also preparative separation of the pyrethrins, HPLC was selected as method of choice. Normal-phase HPLC is usually used for isolation of the individual compounds [2, 4 6, 10, 14] whereas RP chromatography is used for quantitative determination [4,[7][8][9]. The disadvantages of some of the methods are quantification by external standardization [7,10] by comparison of the peak areas of the substances with those from commercial mixtures [4,8], the need for two analyses for the determination of the six natural pyrethrins [5] or insufficient separation of the compounds [6,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and quantitative analysis of natural pyrethrins by high-performance liquid chromatography

et al. 1999

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KeyWordsColumn liquid chromatography Pyrethrum, natural pyrethrins Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium SummaryThe pyrethrins, six insecticidally active esters from Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium have been separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).A method for the separation and quantitative determination of these compounds in pyrethrum extracts by RPHPLC has been developed and validated. Quantification of the pyrethrins was performed by internal and external standardization. Normal-phase HPLC was used to isolate the individual pyrethrins. Different commercial pyrethrum extracts and samples of Flos Pyrethri of different origin were investigated by use of the new method. There was good correlation between our results and those obtained by quantification of the pyrethrins in some of the samples by the AOAC method.

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Direct determination of pyrethrins in pyrethrum extracts by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Design Considerations for High Throughput Screening and In Vitro Diagnostic Assays

Design Considerations for High Throughput Screening and In Vitro Diagnostic Assays

Effect of ethrel, chlormequat chloride and paclobutrazol on growth and pyrethrins accumulation in Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Vis.

Separation and quantitative analysis of natural pyrethrins by high-performance liquid chromatography

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