Direct determination of reduced glutathione in biological fluids by Ce(IV)–quinine chemiluminescence

Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in biological samples: An in-depth review

“…The first CL assay for GSSG, published in 2000 by Mourad et al, was based on the same principles, but used 4-chloro-7-trifluoromethyl-1-methylquinolinium to mask GSH [111]. Since then, other bioluminescent systems for the determination of total GSH and Cys have been developed, including luminol-NaIO 4 [112,113], luminol-H 2 O 2 [114], quinine-Ce(IV) [115,116], Ru(phen) 3 2+ -Ce(IV) [117] and Ru(phen) 3 2+ -KMnO 4 [118]. Most assays are based on the oxidation reaction between a strong oxidant and GSH or Cys, and the subsequent oxidation of the luminophore to produce CL.…”

The simple isocratic HPLC—UV method for the simultaneous determination of reduced and oxidized glutathione in animal tissue

“…Although liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the technique of choice for the simultaneous determination of GSH and GSSG (taking into consideration specificity and low limits of detection and quantification), it is inaccessible to many laboratories [11][12][13]. Other methods, such as micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis (MEKC) [14], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [15], fluorescence [16], and chemiluminescence-based methods, have also been proposed [17]. The lack of total automatization and inability to determine protein-bound glutathione are the major limitations of capillary electrophoresis; NMR is not commonly available in clinical laboratories; fluorescence requires previous derivatization, while GSSG determination is not achievable by chemiluminescence methods.…”

Application of β-cyclodextrin/MnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles as a catalyst for fast chemiluminescence determination of glutathione in human blood using luminol-diperiodatoargentate(III) System

“…3 A number of methods used for the determination of GSH have been reported including enzymatic, 4 spectrophotometric, [5][6][7] high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 8,9 electrochemical methods [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and chemiluminescence. [19][20][21][22][23] The spectrophotometric methods are simple but not sufficiently sensitive. HPLC methods are usually time-consuming for sample preparation and in need of pure and sometimes toxic solvents and most of the electrochemical methods have high limits of detection.…”