Direct Determination of the Electromagnetic Reflection Properties of Smooth Brackish Water to the Continuous Spectrum from 108 to 4 × 109 Hertz

Lepley, Larry K.; Adams, W. M.

doi:10.1109/tge.1972.271313

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron.

1972

DOI: 10.1109/tge.1972.271313

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Direct Determination of the Electromagnetic Reflection Properties of Smooth Brackish Water to the Continuous Spectrum from 108 to 4 × 109 Hertz

Larry K. Lepley

W. M. Adams

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“…All reflectance and brightness temperature curves apply to radiation at normal incidence to a smooth water surface and will not hold for a departure of more than 10 ø from nadir. An experimental verification of these theoretical results has been performed and reported by Lepley [1970].…”

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confidence: 67%

Electromagnetic Dispersion Curves for Natural Waters

Lepley¹,

Adams²

1971

Water Resources Research

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The dispersion curves of the electromagnetic properties of water to radiation of 106 to 1.3 X 101ø Hz at normal incidence are computed and plotted for 39 salinity and temperature combinations. The elementary theoretical basis of these calculations is given in a tutorial presentation. These graphs indicate that the frequency dispersion of the reflectance of radio energy in the 106-to 109-Hz band at normal incidence to a smooth water surface is strongly influenced by the salinity of the water and that the spectral signature can be used as a measure of water salinity as distinguished from water temperature. These curves should be of value to workers in remote sensing, hydrology, and limnology. Electromagnetic waves consist of periodiccoupled electric and magnetic fields whose lines of force are directed at right angles to each other and to the direction of travel. Electrical field strength E is the electric force per unit positive charge in units of volts per meter. Magnetic field strength H is defined in terms of electric current, which produces it in units of amperes per meter. The ratio of the coupled electric field vectors E/H is the intrinsic impedance Z of the medium through which the wave is traveling. This ratio can be computed from the properties of the medium as described by two complex parameters e* and/z*, in ohms: E/H = Z = (•,/(•,)1/2 (1)

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mentioning

confidence: 67%

Electromagnetic Dispersion Curves for Natural Waters

Lepley¹,

Adams²

1971

Water Resources Research

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Direct Determination of the Electromagnetic Reflection Properties of Smooth Brackish Water to the Continuous Spectrum from 108 to 4 × 109 Hertz

Cited by 1 publication

References 7 publications

Electromagnetic Dispersion Curves for Natural Waters

Electromagnetic Dispersion Curves for Natural Waters

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