Direct determination of three-phase contact line properties on nearly molecular scale

Winkler, Paul M.; McGraw, Robert; Bauer, Paulus S.; Rentenberger, Christian; Wagner, Paul

doi:10.1038/srep26111

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…We define the onset conditions as the saturation ratio S 0 when the nucleation probability reaches the value P ¼ 0:5. The nucleation probability PðSÞ at S 0 has the form of a cumulative Gumbel distribution (Winkler et al 2016):…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Counting efficiency determination from quantitative intercomparison between expansion and laminar flow type condensation particle counter

Tauber

Steiner

Winkler

2019

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Heterogeneous nucleation of supersaturated n-butanol vapor on neutral silver particles of different size has been investigated at variable nucleation temperatures using a fast expansion chamber and a commercial continuous flow type condensation particle counter (CPC). In addition, the theoretical supersaturation profile was calculated for the commercial CPC in order to conflate the results with the measured onset saturation ratio of the expansion type size analyzing nuclei counter (SANC). A comparison of the experimental results of the SANC measurements with the Kelvin equation shows that the heterogeneous nucleation starts below the Kelvin curve. By introducing a correction factor for the Kelvin equation based on the SANC measurements, the theoretical detection efficiency for a laminar flow type CPC could be derived. It was the first time that a validation between theoretical saturation ratio profiles and measurements conducted with different methods to generate supersaturation was achieved. We made the observation that reducing the nucleation temperature generally leads to enhanced counting efficiencies. Consequently, the cutoff diameter of regular butanol CPCs can be significantly reduced by simply lowering the condenser temperature. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generated Ag particles can be assumed to be spherical, insoluble and neutral. These prerequisites enable us to measure pure heterogeneous nucleation on spherical seeds (Winkler et al 2016). Therefore temperature dependent expansion and laminar flow type CPC experiments were conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Counting efficiency determination from quantitative intercomparison between expansion and laminar flow type condensation particle counter

Tauber

Steiner

Winkler

2019

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…Where is the corrected contact angle, is the value of the contact angle given by Young-Laplace equation, is the interfacial tension between liquid and air, is the radius of the droplet, is the three-phase contact line tension. Contact line tension is a constant value at a fixed temperature and solid-fluid interaction, and it can be determined using various methods available in the literature (Winkler et al 2016;Liu et al 2013;Hienola et al 2007).…”

Section: Wettability In Shalementioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of water uptake by shales

Singh

2016

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering

240

146

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The shale boom in North America started more than a decade ago, however, the issue of substantial fracturing fluid loss inside shale did not draw much attention for a decade. In the past few years, many researchers conducted laboratory experiments to 1) observe various processes by which water imbibes into shale rocks, and 2) understand the mechanisms behind each process that contributes to fluid uptake in shale. Although there is consistency in most of the observations that control the liquid filling in shales, some issues remain in regards to wettability. Many mechanisms seem to be contributing to liquid filling in the laboratory experiments, but there is no consensus on the dominant mechanisms. Even though some observations from field provide consistent signatures, we do not yet have a verified answer for the geo-mechanisms behind those observations. This paper provides a critical review of the observations (laboratory and field), the mechanisms behind those observations, and the models to mimic the imbibition behavior of shales. In this regard, following contents are critically reviewed: 1) history of imbibition in shales, 2) laboratory observations, 3) field observations, 4) mechanisms of water imbibition in shales, and 5) simulation models. We also discuss evaporation of water in shale as an additional mechanism that has not been proposed before, but may be contributing to the loss of water in shale formations.

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“…Results on the cut-off diameter depending on the relative humidity at the UCPC inlet for neutralized and charged silver seeds are shown in Figure 7. For Ag particles no shrinkage in mobility diameter could be measured and the clusters at a certain 25 size can be assumed to be spherical (Winkler et al, 2016). As we can see in Figure 7 no relative humidity dependence on the cut-off diameter within the uncertainty range was observed.…”

Section: Counting Efficiency Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The nucleation or activation probabilities were measured with the SANC/CAMS method 30 (Wagner et al, 2003). To evaluate the onset saturation ratio, which corresponds to a nucleation probability value of P = 0.5, the experimental data were fitted with a two-parameter fit function (Winkler et al, 2016). In addition to the SANC measurements, the counting efficiencies of three ultrafine continuous flow CPCs (Model UCPC 3776, TSI Inc., Minneapolis, USA), which temperature settings were changed over a range of 18 degrees, were measured.…”

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confidence: 99%

Humidity effects on the detection of soluble and insoluble nanoparticles in butanol operated condensation particle counters

Tauber¹,

Brilke²,

Wlasits³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. In this study the impact of humidity on heterogeneous nucleation of n-butanol onto hygroscopic and nonabsorbent particles was investigated using a fast expansion chamber and commercial continuous flow type condensation particle counters (CPCs). More specifically, we measured the activation probability of sodium chloride (NaCl) and silver (Ag) nano-particles by using n-butanol as condensing liquid with the size analyzing nuclei counter (SANC). In addition, the cut-off diameter of regular butanol based CPCs for both seed materials was measured and compared to SANC results. Our findings reveal a strong humidity dependence of NaCl particles in the sub-10 nm size range since the activation of sodium chloride seeds is enhanced with increasing relative humidity. For Ag seeds this humidity dependence was not observed, underlining the importance of molecular interactions between seed and vapor molecules. Consequently, the cut-off diameter of a butanol based CPC can be reduced significantly by increasing the relative humidity. This finding suggests that cut-off diameters of butanol CPCs under ambient conditions are likely smaller than corresponding cut-off diameters measured under clean (dry) laboratory conditions. At the same time, we caution that the humidity dependence may lead to wrong interpretations if the aerosol composition is not known.

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Direct determination of three-phase contact line properties on nearly molecular scale

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Counting efficiency determination from quantitative intercomparison between expansion and laminar flow type condensation particle counter

Counting efficiency determination from quantitative intercomparison between expansion and laminar flow type condensation particle counter

A critical review of water uptake by shales

Humidity effects on the detection of soluble and insoluble nanoparticles in butanol operated condensation particle counters

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