Direct effects of climate change on productivity of European aquaculture

Abstract

We present an on-line early warning system that is operational in Scottish coastal waters to minimize the risk to humans and aquaculture businesses in terms of the human health and economic impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their associated biotoxins. The system includes both map and time-series based visualization tools. A "traffic light" index approach is used to highlight locations at elevated HAB/biotoxin risk. High resolution mathematical modelling of cell advection, in combination with satellite remote sensing, provides early warning of HABs that advect from offshore waters to the coast. Expert interpretation of HAB, biotoxin and environmental data in light of recent and historical trends is used to provide, on a weekly basis, a forecast of the risk from HABs and their biotoxins to allow mitigation measures to be put in place by aquaculture businesses, should a HAB event be imminent.

Carbon footprint (kg CO2e) expended in the aquaculture: Assessment of concrete pond rainbow trout farming from Türkiye

“…The CF expended for harvested fish was lower than for sheep, cattle, cows, pork/pig, poultry, and buffalo (MacLeod et al 2020;Nemry et al 2001;Rotz et al 2019;Rotz et al 2010). In addition, the effects of climate change on sectorial growth in ensuring food security of the aquaculture sector (Cubillo et al 2021) have become an inevitable reality that will affect the carbon footprint of aquaculture.…”

Interacting climate change effects on mussels (Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis) and oysters (Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis): experiments for bivalve individual growth models

“…The observation that different factor combinations yielded different responses is an important result to take into account in coastal areas where climate change is likely to affect those three factors, while it might be less critical in offshore areas (Palmeret al, 2021). Cubillo et al (2021) indicate that bivalve shellfish show a decreasing trend with respect to most productivity parameters as climate change progresses and offshore-suspended mussel culture in SW Portugal was least affected. Other factors such as invasive species, culture practice and diseases are likely to affect bivalve productivity on top of environmental effects with climate change.…”

“…These results can be used to parameterise functions describing the physiological response of mussels and oysters to varying environmental conditions for individual growth models. Individual growth models feed into farm-scale biological models to project changes in productivity as a result of climate change (Cubillo et al, 2021).…”

“…The physiological response of the bivalve species to different temperatures, oxygen levels and food concentrations presented here can be used in dynamic energy budget models, such as presented by Maar et al (2015) and Stechele et al (submitted). Results of these individual models feed into farm scale models that project changes in productivity as a result of climate change (Cubillo et al, 2021). The observation that different factor combinations yielded different responses is an important result to take into account in coastal areas where climate change is likely to affect those three factors, while it might be less critical in offshore areas (Palmeret al, 2021).…”

Farm‐scale models in fish aquaculture – An overview of methods and applications

“…Thus, validation is context dependent. Interestingly, for outputs such as biomass production at the cohort or farm level, only 2 of the 36 FSMs reviewed reported having performed validation 35,62 . One difficulty with validating such aggregated outputs is that when a model performs poorly, modellers do not necessarily know why, particularly if no sensitivity analysis was performed.…”