Direct electrocatalytic reduction of coenzyme NAD+ to enzymatically-active 1,4-NADH employing an iridium/ruthenium-oxide electrode

Ullah, Nehar; Ali, Irshad; Omanovic, Sasha

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.10.038

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Consequently, several studies began focusing on “all‐solid” systems for electrochemical NADH regeneration. For instance, researchers have found success optimizing immobilized carbon nanofibers, various metal electrodes, and either glassy carbon or metal electrodes patterned with alternative metal nanoparticles . In general, these studies have reported an improved ability to adsorb active hydrogen on electrode surfaces, contributing to more effective NADH regeneration as opposed to unwanted dimerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectrochemical NADH Regeneration using Pt‐Modified p‐GaAs Semiconductor Electrodes

2017

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Cofactor regeneration in enzymatic reductions is crucial for the application of enzymes to both biological and energy-related catalysis. Specifically, regenerating NADH from NAD + is of great interest, and using electrochemistry to achieve this end is considered a promising option. Here, we report the first example of photoelectrochemical NADH regeneration at the illuminated (l > 600 nm), metal-modified, p-type semiconductor electrode Pt/p-GaAs. Although bare p-GaAs electrodes produce only enzymatically inactive NAD 2 , NADH was produced at the illuminated Pt-modified p-GaAs surface. At low overpotential (À0.75 V vs. Ag/AgCl), Pt/p-GaAs exhibited a seven-fold greater faradaic efficiency for the formation of NADH than Pt alone, with reduced competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction. Improved faradaic efficiency and low overpotential suggest the possible utility of Pt/p-GaAs in energy-related NADHdependent enzymatic processes. Scheme 1. Structure of NAD + (nicotinamide) and two-electron redox conversion between NAD + and NADH (1,4-dihydronicotinamide), which occurs in enzymatic processes (ADPR = adenosine diphosphoribose).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectrochemical NADH Regeneration using Pt‐Modified p‐GaAs Semiconductor Electrodes

2017

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“…Ir x Ru 1‐x ‐oxide coatings (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0; x is the molar ratio in mol/mol, referring to the content of pure Ir in the precursor solution) were formed on a flat titanium substrate surface employing a thermal decomposition method . First 0.15 mol/L coating precursor solution was prepared by dissolving IrCl 3 ×3H 2 O (Acros Organics 195500050) and RuCl 3 ×xH 2 O (Sigma Aldrich 206229) salts in iso ‐propanol (purity 99.9 %, Fisher Scientific A416‐1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A titanium plate (1.7 × 1.7 × 0.2 cm; purity 99.2 % basis metals, Alfa Aesar10398) was used as a substrate for the Ir/Ru‐oxide coatings. The titanium substrate plate was initially wet‐polished using 600‐grit SiC sandpaper following the method described in the literature . Then, the polished plate was rinsed thoroughly with deionized water and sonicated for 30 min in an ultrasonic water bath to remove polishing residue.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the polished plate was rinsed thoroughly with deionized water and sonicated for 30 min in an ultrasonic water bath to remove polishing residue. Next, the polished plate was etched in a boiling solution of hydrochloric acid (0.33 g/g, Fisher Scientific) and deionized water (1:1 by volume) for 30 min . After etching, the plate was thoroughly rinsed with deionized water and dried under argon.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procedure was repeated six times in order to form a layered metal oxide coating on the titanium substrate (the number of coatings and the annealing process had been previously optimized for stability). Finally, the sample was annealed in the furnace in air for 1 h in order to further oxidize the coating to yield Ir x Ru 1‐x ‐oxides …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iridium‐ruthenium‐oxide coatings for supercapacitors

2015

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Electrochemical, topographical, and morphological properties of thermally‐prepared Irx‐Ru1‐x‐oxide coatings of various compositions (0 < x ≤ 1), formed on a Ti metal substrate, were investigated for their potential application as supercapacitor (SC) electrodes employing scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A current state‐of‐the‐art pure ruthenium oxide (RuO2) coating showed relatively low performance compared to other bimetallic IrxRu1‐x‐oxide coatings operated under the same experimental conditions. An electrochemically‐activated Ir0.4Ru0.6‐oxide coating yielded the highest capacitance value (85 mF cm−2). Prolonged electrochemical cycling of the Ir/Ru‐oxide coatings in a corrosive phosphate‐buffered saline pH = 7.4, performed within an extreme potential window of 5 V, revealed an excellent stability of the coatings. In addition, this cycling procedure enabled a significant increase in capacitance for all coating compositions. It was shown that the areal capacitance (CGA) of these coatings is strongly dependent upon the nature of the components of which the metal oxide is composed. The addition of IrO2 to RuO2 improved the stability and capacitive performance of the thermally‐prepared Ir‐Ru‐oxide coatings.

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Recent Progress and Perspectives on Electrochemical Regeneration of Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH)

Immanuel

Sivasubramanian

Gul

et al. 2020

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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NAD is a cofactor that maintains cellular redox homeostasis and has immense industrial and biological significance. It acts as an enzymatic mediator in several biocatalytic electrochemical reactions and undergoes oxidation/reduction to form NAD + or NADH, respectively. The NAD redox couple (NAD + /NADH) mostly exists in enzyme-assisted metabolic reactions as a coenzyme during which electrons and protons are transferred. NADH shuttles these charges between the enzyme and the substrate. In order to understand such complex metabolic reactions, it is vital to study the bio-electrochemistry of NADH. In addition, the regeneration of NADH in industries has attracted significant attention due to its vast usage and high cost. To make biocatalysis economically viable, primary methods of NADH regeneration including enzymatic, chemical, photochemical and electrochemical methods are widely used. This review is mainly focused on the electrochemical reduction of NAD + to NADH with specific details on the mechanism and kinetics of the reaction. It provides emphasis on the different routes (direct and mediated) to electrochemically regenerate NADH from NAD + highlighting the NAD dimer formation. Also, it describes the electrocatalysts developed until now and the scope for development in this area of research.

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Direct electrocatalytic reduction of coenzyme NAD+ to enzymatically-active 1,4-NADH employing an iridium/ruthenium-oxide electrode

Cited by 31 publications

References 37 publications

Photoelectrochemical NADH Regeneration using Pt‐Modified p‐GaAs Semiconductor Electrodes

Photoelectrochemical NADH Regeneration using Pt‐Modified p‐GaAs Semiconductor Electrodes

Iridium‐ruthenium‐oxide coatings for supercapacitors

Recent Progress and Perspectives on Electrochemical Regeneration of Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH)

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