Direct energy deposition for fabricating the bionic sandwich heterogeneous alloy 316-Cu-NiTi: Microstructure and wear mechanism

Nie, Ming; Jiang, Ping; Li, X.R.; Zhang, Z.H.

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2023.112925

Cited by 14 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

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“…Shape memory alloys (SMAs), specifically NiTi alloys (nitinol), are renowned for their remarkable characteristics including superelasticity (SE) and shape memory effect (SME). [1][2][3] The NiTi alloys experience a reversible solid-state displacive crystalline phase transformation, wherein shear plays a dominant role. This transformation occurs between a parent phase with high symmetry (austenite) and a product phase with low symmetry (martensite).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Interface and Residual Strain of NiTi Layer Deposited on NiTiX Substrate by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Memarian,

Mohri,

Golrang

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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This study investigates the microstructure and properties of functionally graded NiTi alloy bi‐layers. The NiTi layer is printed by laser powder bed fusion on a NiTiX (where X is Hf or Cu) substrate prepared by vacuum arc remelting. Specimens produced with different thicknesses of layers, but constant thickness ratio, are examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy prior to and post‐annealing process at 1000 °C for 16 h. SEM‐EDX and transmission electron microscopy studies reveal the presence of Ti2Ni and Ni4Ti3 precipitates in the as‐printed NiTi/NiTiCu samples and Ti2Ni type precipitates in as‐printed NiTi/NiTiHf. Digital image correlation quantifies residual strain in the as‐printed bi‐layer and enables strain relief to be monitored during heating. It has been shown that microcracks occurring along interfacial zones during the laser powder bed fusion are diminished after annealing heat treatment. The microcrack closure occurs by diffusion of third elements to the open microcracks, leading to precipitation and accumulation of third elements in the interfaces. Eventually, the as‐printed NiTi/NiTiCu sample displays two‐way shape memory effects with about 24.5% shape recovery. This work enhances understanding of controlling fabrication to yield tailored properties in additively manufactured functionally graded NiTi‐based materials.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Interface and Residual Strain of NiTi Layer Deposited on NiTiX Substrate by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Memarian,

Mohri,

Golrang

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Evaluation of Numerical and Analytical Methods to Accurately Measure Elastic Modulus of the Cobalt Chromium Alloy Fabricated by Laser Direct Energy Deposition Process

Smith,

Pickett,

Thorpe

et al. 2024

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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Processing Challenges and Delamination Prevention Methods in Titanium-Steel DED 3D Printing

Andreu,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2024

Int. J. of Precis. Eng. and Manuf.-Green Tech.

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Direct Energy Deposition (DED) 3D printing has gained significant importance in various industries due to its ability to fabricate complex and functional parts with reduced material waste, and to repair existing components. Titanium alloys, known for their exceptional mechanical properties and biocompatibility, are widely used in DED 3D printing applications, where they offer benefits such as lightweight design possibilities and high strength-to-weight ratio. However, given the high material cost of titanium alloys, certain applications can benefit from the coating capabilities of DED to achieve the advantages of titanium on a distinct material substrate. Nevertheless, challenges related to material incompatibility and the development of unwanted brittle phases still affect the successful deposition of titanium alloys on steel substrates with DED 3D printing. This paper investigates the processing challenges and reviews delamination prevention methods, specifically targeting titanium-steel interfaces. In particular, the formation of unwanted brittle Ti–Fe intermetallics and methods to circumvent their formation are explored. The findings of this research contribute to a deeper understanding of the processing challenges and delamination prevention methods in DED 3D printing.

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Direct energy deposition for fabricating the bionic sandwich heterogeneous alloy 316-Cu-NiTi: Microstructure and wear mechanism

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Evaluation of Interface and Residual Strain of NiTi Layer Deposited on NiTiX Substrate by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Evaluation of Interface and Residual Strain of NiTi Layer Deposited on NiTiX Substrate by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Evaluation of Numerical and Analytical Methods to Accurately Measure Elastic Modulus of the Cobalt Chromium Alloy Fabricated by Laser Direct Energy Deposition Process

Processing Challenges and Delamination Prevention Methods in Titanium-Steel DED 3D Printing

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