Direct Ethanol Membraneless Nanofluidic Fuel Cell With High Performance

López‐Rico, Cesar A.; Galindo‐de‐la‐Rosa, J.; Álvarez‐Contreras, Lorena; Ledesma‐García, J.; Guerra‒Balcázar, Minerva; Arriaga, L.G.; Arjona, Noé

doi:10.1002/slct.201600364

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The increasing demand for energy converters capable of efficiently producing power for portable devices with low environmental impact has led to the development of microfluidic direct alcohol fuel cells (μDAFCs). − These miniaturized devices produce energy through fuel electrooxidation at the anode coupled to oxidant electroreduction at the cathode connected by an external circuit. μDAFCs dispense the use of a permeable membrane to separate the compartments, so the cost, reactant cross over, and Ohmic resistance related to conventional ion-exchange membranes are eliminated .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the catalyst must enhance kinetics to efficiently convert reactants into products to generate current with limited overpotential. These characteristics depend on multiple factors such as chemical composition, − atomic surface arrangement, and efficient use of nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed on the carbon support. , These characteristics have been investigated through the synthesis of new multimetallic catalysts for methanol, ,,, ethanol, ,, ethylene glycol, ,,, and glycerol , anodic half-cell reactions. However, the literature lacks information regarding new cathodes to efficiently catalyze oxidants for μDAFCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene-Oxide-Modified Metal-Free Cathodes for Glycerol/Bleach Microfluidic Fuel Cells

Martins

Pei

Tellis

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Glycerol is an abundant, inexpensive fuel for miniaturized fuel cells with practical power output. Glycerol electrooxidation is coupled to a cathodic reaction, usually oxygen reduction on noble-metal-based catalysts. However, the slow kinetics of oxygen reduction on nonprecious metal catalysts has limited its applications. Here, we propose the use of hypochlorous acid (HClO from bleach) as a potential liquid oxidant and graphene oxide (GO)-modified carbon paper as a metal-free cathode. GO with high oxidation levels is synthesized and used for in situ flowing deposition on a carbon paper cathode. This unique GO deposition method leads to a homogeneous "blanket" coverage of the wetted fibers exposed to the flow, increasing the active surface area by 3.8 times. The prototype mixed-media microfluidic fuel cell with electrodes in a flowthrough configuration featuring glycerol electrooxidation coupled to HClO reduction on GO-modified carbon paper shows 1.72 V open-circuit voltage, 354 mA cm −2 maximum current density, and 110 mW cm −2 peak power density. This unprecedented performance proves that a well-designed in situ electrode modification can be applied to reach high power density without the use of noble metals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Oxide-Modified Metal-Free Cathodes for Glycerol/Bleach Microfluidic Fuel Cells

Martins

Pei

Tellis

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…15,16 Membraneless microfluidics fuel cells (MFCs) or co-laminar flow fuel cells are electrochemical energy conversion devices operated by a microscale co-laminar flow (low Reynolds numbers) to eliminate the use of a physical membrane and the problems inherent in the use of such membranes. 17,18 Based on the manner in which reactants are driven, MFCs can be classified into the categories of flow-over and flow-through MFCs. 19 Flow-over MFCs consist of "Y"-shaped or "T"-shaped cells where the anodic and cathodic streams flow over the electrode surface, while in flow-through MFCs, the solutions flow inside the micro/nanoporous electrodes, resulting in higher performance characteristics due to an improved surface area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flow-Through Membraneless Microfluidic Zinc–Air Cell

Ortiz-Ortega

Díaz‒Patiño

Béjar

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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In this work, the proof of concept of a functional membraneless microfluidic Zn–air cell (μZAC) that operates with a flow-through arrangement is presented for the first time, where the activity and durability can be modulated by electrodepositing Zn on porous carbon electrodes. For this purpose, Zn electrodes were obtained using chronoamperometry and varying the electrodeposition times (20, 40, and 60 min), resulting in porous electrodes with Zn thicknesses of 3.3 ± 0.3, 11.6 ± 2.4, and 34.8 ± 5.1 μm, respectively. Pt/C was initially used as the cathode to analyze variables, such as KOH concentration and flow rate, and then, two manganese-based materials were evaluated (α-MnO2 and MnMn2O4 spinel, labeled as Mn3O4) to determine the effect of inexpensive materials on the cell performance. According to the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results, α-MnO2 has a nanorod-like shape with a diameter of 11 ± 1.5 nm, while Mn3O4 presented a hemispherical shape with an average particle size of 22 ± 1.8 nm. The use of α-MnO2 and Mn3O4 cathodic materials resulted in cell voltages of 1.39 and 1.35 V and maximum power densities of 308 and 317 mW cm–2, respectively. The activities of both materials were analyzed through density of state calculations; all manganese species in the α-material MnO2 presented an equivalent density of states with a reduced orbital occupation to the left of the Fermi energy, which allowed for better global performance above Mn3O4/C and Pt/C.

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“…PdNiO nanoparticles were synthesized using the same conditions and method previously reported by López‐Rico et al . In short, 50 mg of Na2PdCl4 and 150 mg of NiSO4 were added to 10 mL of 2‐hydroxy ethylammonium formate as an “all‐in‐one” protonic ionic liquid (PIL) and dispersed by sonication for 2 h to ensure a better reaction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NiAl Layered Double Hydroxides and PdNiO as Multifunctional Anodes for Prospective Self‐Powered Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Dopamine Sensors

et al. 2018

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The purpose of this work is the evaluation of two bimetallic materials, PdNiO and NiAl-layered double hydroxides (NiAl-LDHs) for their prospective use in Lab-on-a-Chip devices, in which urea contained in human urine is used as fuel to provide the energy required by the device and dopamine in the sample is detected. A urea microfluidic fuel cell, using human urine as fuel and NiAl-LDHs and PdNiO as anodes, was constructed and evaluated, resulting in a cell potential of 1 V with 50.19 mW/cm 2 power density for NiAl-LDHs and 0.9 V and 32.94 mW/cm 2 for PdNiO. The multifunctionality of these anodes was extended for detecting dopamine with detection limits of 7.38 10 À8 M and 5.46 10 À6 M for NiAl-LDHs and PdNiO, respectively. The higher content of hydroxides on NiAl-LDHs than PdNiO material allowed a better activity for urea oxidation and dopamine detection. These results show the prospects for self-powered biomedical Lab-on-a-Chip device development.

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Direct Ethanol Membraneless Nanofluidic Fuel Cell With High Performance

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Graphene-Oxide-Modified Metal-Free Cathodes for Glycerol/Bleach Microfluidic Fuel Cells

Graphene-Oxide-Modified Metal-Free Cathodes for Glycerol/Bleach Microfluidic Fuel Cells

A Flow-Through Membraneless Microfluidic Zinc–Air Cell

NiAl Layered Double Hydroxides and PdNiO as Multifunctional Anodes for Prospective Self‐Powered Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Dopamine Sensors

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