“…However, intelligent algorithms have inherent drawbacks, including the need for an initial value, a complex calculation process, potential early convergence, increased computational resource requirements, and susceptibility to getting trapped in local optima. In recent literature, the estimation of PV module parameters has been explored using innovative algorithms like the Lambert W function and the Co-content method [13], the Flow Direction Algorithm [14], Systems Engineering Methodology [15], and the Combined Analytical and Genetic Algorithm [16].…”