Direct FAME synthesis for rapid total lipid analysis from fish oil and cod liver oil

Indarti, Eti; Majid, Mohamed Isa Abdul; Hashim, Roshada; Shu‐Chien, Alexander Chong

doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2003.12.007

Cited by 200 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The fatty acid profiles were determined as fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) following the method by Indarti et al (2005). FAMEs were extracted from 50 mg freeze-dried cells by 2.5 ml 2% H 2 SO 4 -methanol solution in water bath with stirring at 80°C for 2.5 h. After the mixtures cooled to room temperature, 1 ml hexane (high performance liquid chromatography grade) and 1 ml saturated NaCl solution were added.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Profiles Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Chlorococcum pamirum as a potential biodiesel feedstock

Feng

Deng

et al. 2014

Bioresource Technology

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Section: Fatty Acid Profiles Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Chlorococcum pamirum as a potential biodiesel feedstock

Feng

Deng

et al. 2014

Bioresource Technology

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“…Gruger et al [161] extracted lipids from 21 species of marine fish, freshwater fish and shellfish using Bligh and Dyer method and determined the fatty acid composition of fish species. Indrati et al [162] extracted fatty acids from fish oil and cod liver oil using Bligh and Dyer method and determined the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) present in the oil.…”

Section: Bligh and Dyermentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Processing Wastes as a Potential Source of Proteins, Amino Acids and Oils: A Critical Review

Brooks¹

2013

Microb Biochem Technol

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The fish processing industry is a major exporter of seafood and marine products in many countries. About 70% of the fish is processed before final sale. Processing of fish involves stunning, grading, slime removal, deheading, washing, scaling, gutting, cutting of fins, meat bone separation and steaks and fillets. During these steps significant amount of waste (20-80% depending upon the level of processing and type of fish) is generated which can be utilized as fish silage, fishmeal and fish sauce. Fish waste can also be used for production of various value added products such as proteins, oil, amino acids, minerals, enzymes, bioactive peptides, collagen and gelatin. The fish proteins are found in all parts of the fish. There are three types of proteins in fish: structural proteins, sacroplasmic proteins and connective tissue proteins. The fish proteins can be extracted by chemical and enzymatic process. In the chemical method, salts (NaCl and LiCl) and solvents (isopropanol and aezotropic isopropanol) are used, whereas during the enzymatic extraction, enzymes (alcalase, neutrase, protex, protemax and flavorzyme) are used to extract proteins from fish. These fish proteins can be used as a functional ingredient in many food items because of their properties (water holding capacity, oil absorption, gelling activity, foaming capacity and emulsifying properties). They can also be used as milk replacers, bakery substitutes, soups and infant formulas. The amino acids are the building blocks of protein. There are 16-18 amino acids present in fish proteins. The amino acids can be produced from fish protein by enzymatic or chemical processes. The enzymatic hydrolysis involves the use of direct protein substrates and enzymes such as alcalase, neutrase, carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, pepsin and trypsin. In the chemical hydrolysis process, acid or alkali is used for the breakdown of protein to extract amino acids. The main disadvantage of this method is the complete destruction of tryptophan and cysteine and partial destruction of tyrosine, serine and threonine. The amino acids present in the fish can be utilized in animal feed in the form of fishmeal and sauce or can be used in the production of various pharmaceuticals. The fish oil contains two important polyunsaturated fatty acids called EPA and DHA or otherwise called as omega-3 fatty acids. These omega-3 fatty acids have beneficial bioactivities including prevention of atherosclerosis, protection against maniac-depressive illness and various other medicinal properties. Fish oil can also be converted to non-toxic, biodegradable, environment friendly biodiesel using chemical or enzymatic transesterification.

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“…API 20NE positive reactions were observed for hydrolysis of aesculin and gelatin and assimilation of D-glucose, L-arabinose, Nacetylglucosamine, maltose, malate and citrate. Biolog GN2 plates showed positive results for utilization of the following carbon sources: a-cyclodextrin, dextrin, glycogen, Tweens 40 and 80, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, Larabinose, cellobiose, a-D-glucose, maltose, pyruvic acid methyl ester, succinic acid monomethyl ester, acetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, formic acid, D-galacturonic acid, a-, b-and c-hydroxybutyric acids, itaconic acid, aketoglutaric acid, DL-lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic Fatty acid methyl esters were obtained by acid transmethylation with a H 2 SO 4 /methanol/chloroform mixture from cells cultured in MB according to Indarti et al (2005) using nonadecanoic acid (Larodan Fine Chemicals) as the internal standard. Methyl esters in hexane (1 ml) were analysed by GC-MS (Saturn 2100T; Varian) by using a fused silica capillary column (VF-Wax ms; Varian).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallaecimonas pentaromativorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium carrying 16S rRNA gene heterogeneity and able to degrade high-molecular-mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Rodríguez-Blanco

Vétion

Escande

et al. 2010

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants that harbour two or more fused benzene rings (Kennish, 1992). Diverse anthropogenic activities, such as the combustion of fossil fuels and oil spills, are responsible for its accumulation in natural environments (Kennish, 1992). Many high-molecular-mass PAHs (i.e. containing from four to seven benzene rings) are mutagenic, carcinogenic or teratogenic for a wide range of organisms including fish, amphibians, birds and mammals (Eisler, 1987).Micro-organisms that are able to degrade PAHs have been isolated from various environments (Juhasz & Naidu, 2000). However, high-molecular-mass PAHs present high hydrophobicity and have a tendency to adsorb to the organic fraction of soil and sediments (Gauthier et al., 2003). These characteristics are responsible for their low bioavailability to micro-organisms and the resulting persistence in natural environments (Hughes et al., 1997). Twoliquid-phase (TLP) cultures increase bioavailability and biodegradation of hydrophobic substrates (Déziel et al., 1999) and the microbial degradation occurs at the interface and/or in the aqueous phase (Gauthier et al., 2003).Using a TLP culture containing silicon oil as the waterimmiscible phase, we isolated a bacterial strain capable of degrading PAHs, designated strain CEE_131 T , from the Corcubion Ria in north-western Spain, a coastal system that was highly exposed to the Prestige oil spill in 2002. Strain CEE_131T harbours 16S rRNA gene sequence heterogeneity. Although not exhaustively studied, 16S rRNA gene heterogeneity at the species or strain level is a common phenomenon (Bosshard et al., 2002). Unexpectedly high levels of intraspecific variation of 16S rRNA gene sequences in GenBank have been found previously (Clayton et al., 1995). Other studies have dealt with heterogeneity in 16S rRNA gene sequences (Bricker, 2000;Cilia et al., 1996; Liefting et al., 1996; Martinez-Murcia Abbreviations: CE-SSCP, capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism; PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; TLP, two-liquid-phase. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain CEE_131T are FM955223-FM955227.A micrograph of sectioned cells of strain CEE_131 T obtained by using transmission electron microscopy and graphs showing the effects of temperature, pH and salinity on the growth of the strain are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.

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Direct FAME synthesis for rapid total lipid analysis from fish oil and cod liver oil

Cited by 200 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization of Chlorococcum pamirum as a potential biodiesel feedstock

Characterization of Chlorococcum pamirum as a potential biodiesel feedstock

Fish Processing Wastes as a Potential Source of Proteins, Amino Acids and Oils: A Critical Review

Gallaecimonas pentaromativorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium carrying 16S rRNA gene heterogeneity and able to degrade high-molecular-mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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