Direct imaging in a water layer of human chromosome fibres composed of nucleosomes and their higher‐order structures by laser‐plasma X‐ray contact microscopy

Kinjo, Yasuhito; Shinohara, Kunio; Ito, Atsushi; Nakano, Hisako; Watanabe, Makoto; Horiike, Yasuhiro; Kikuchi, Yukiko; Richardson, Martin; Tanaka, K. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1994.tb03500.x

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…That is, well‐maintained fragile outer structures of macrophages are observed by X‐ray microscopy, providing acceptable resolution for the study of cell–cell interactions. The application of X‐ray microscopy to biological specimens, such as chromosome fibers, protozoa, bacteria, sperm, and cultured cells, has also been studied with some success (Tomie et al, 1991; Kinjo et al, 1994; Kirz et al, 1995; Methe et al, 1997; Rajyaguru et al, 1997a, b; Kado et al, 1999; Scharf and Schneider, 1999). In particular, current equipment supported by advanced technologies provides practical X‐ray microscopes, such as those used in this study and for similar cell biology studies by biological scientists.…”

Section: Analysis Of Cell Surface Structures By X‐ray Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of X‐ray microscopy in analysis of living hydrated cells

Yamamoto

Shinohara²

2002

Anat. Rec.

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Because there is a limit for analysis of fine hydrophilic cell structures of living cells in medium by ordinary techniques, including electron microscopy, the development of a new technology to overcome such limitation is highly desirable. In this regard, soft X-ray microscopy (high-resolution X-ray imaging of structures), which does not require any special procedures for sample preparation, has been developed and applied to analyze structures of biological specimens. In this article, application of two types of X-ray microscopes, which use laser-produced plasma X-rays or synchrotron radiation to image the structure of macrophage cells, is introduced as an example of a novel approach to analysis of biological specimens. Both types of X-ray microscopy show the network of fine fibrillar surface structures on macrophages in medium. Ordinary transmission and scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy also show the presence of such structures, but electron microscopy showed alterations due to sample processing and light microscopy did not show a clear image due to low resolution. Thus, X-ray microscopy has the potential capability to analyze structures of live cells in a hydrated condition and may reveal a function-related structural alignment of cells in their natural form.

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Section: Analysis Of Cell Surface Structures By X‐ray Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of X‐ray microscopy in analysis of living hydrated cells

Yamamoto

Shinohara²

2002

Anat. Rec.

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“…High-resolution X-ray microscopy of intact, fully hydrated tissue culture cells Concomitant with progress in X-ray microscope instrumentation, an increasing number of papers which dealt with biological specimens in the widest sense began to appear (Hill et al, 1988;Guttmann et al, 1992;Bennett et al, 1993;Williams et al, 1993;Kinjo et al, 1994). For a review see, amongst others, Kirz et al (1995) and Schmahl et al (1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission X‐ray microscopy of intact hydrated PtK2 cells during the cell cycle

Methe

Spring

Schneider

et al. 1997

Journal of Microscopy

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Transmission X‐ray microscopy makes it possible to investigate biological specimens, i.e. cells and cell organelles, in their natural wet environment. The main processes determining the contrast in X‐ray microscopy are photoelectric absorption and phase shift. X‐ray microscopic experiments can therefore be carried out in both amplitude and phase contrast. The Göttingen X‐ray microscope at the BESSY storage ring in Berlin is described. PtK2 cells were examined during different stages of the cell cycle. All major constituents of the mitotic apparatus, e.g. chromosomes, centromeres, microtubules and centrosomes, could be visualized, as well as the main structural compartments and organelles of the interphase cell, e.g. nuclear membrane, interphase chromatin, nucleolus and cytoplasmic mitochondria, as well as parts of the cytoskeletal apparatus. In this way new information can be obtained with regard to the ultrastructure of the constituents of intact and unstained cells at a resolution which bridges the gap between light microscopy and electron microscopy. The prospects for the future application of transmission X‐ray microscopy in biomedical research are discussed.

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“…1 The use of pulsed X‐ray sources for flash imaging, including plasma pinch X‐ray generators ( Feder et al ., 1985 ), laser‐produced plasmas ( Rosser et al ., 1985 ; Tomie et al ., 1991 ; Stead et al ., 1993 ; Kinjo et al ., 1994 ), and X‐ray lasers ( Skinner et al ., 1990 ).…”

Section: X‐ray Contact Microradiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of researchers have contributed various improvements to the technique. These include: 1 The use of pulsed X-ray sources for flash imaging, including plasma pinch X-ray generators , laser-produced plasmas (Rosser et al, 1985;Tomie et al, 1991;Stead et al, 1993;Kinjo et al, 1994), and X-ray lasers (Skinner et al, 1990). 2 Improved methods for resist readout which include direct TEM enlargement (Feder et al, 1981;Cheng et al, 1986;Howells et al, 1987), TEM enlargement of surface replicas (Shinohara et al, 1986;Cheng, 1987), and atomic force microscopy (Tomie et al, 1991;Lindaas et al, 1992;Cotton et al, 1994;Howells et al, 1994).…”

Section: X-ray Contact Microradiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical study of resolution and contrast in soft X‐ray contact microscopy

Wang

Jacobsen

1998

Journal of Microscopy

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SummaryWe consider the case of soft X-ray contact microscopy using a laser-produced plasma. We model the effects of sample and resist absorption and diffraction as well as the process of isotropic development of the photoresist. Our results indicate that the micrograph resolution depends heavily on the exposure and the sample-to-resist distance. In addition, the contrast of small features depends crucially on the development procedure to the point where information on such features may be destroyed by excessive development. These issues must be kept in mind when interpreting contact microradiographs of high resolution, low contrast objects such as biological structures.

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Direct imaging in a water layer of human chromosome fibres composed of nucleosomes and their higher‐order structures by laser‐plasma X‐ray contact microscopy

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Application of X‐ray microscopy in analysis of living hydrated cells

Application of X‐ray microscopy in analysis of living hydrated cells

Transmission X‐ray microscopy of intact hydrated PtK2 cells during the cell cycle

A numerical study of resolution and contrast in soft X‐ray contact microscopy

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