Direct injection HPLC method for the determination of selected phenothiazines in plasma using a Hisep column

Abstract

A direct plasma injection HPLC method has been developed for the determination of selected phenothiazines (promethazine, promazine, chlorpromazine) using a Hisep column. The method is easy to perform and requires 20 microL of a filtered plasma sample. The chromatographic run time is less than 11 min using a mobile phase of 15:85 v/v acetonitrile-0.18 m ammonium acetate pH 5.0 and UV detection at 254 nm. The method is linear in the concentration range 0.1-25 microg mL(-1) (r > 0.99, n = 6) for each analyte with RSD less than 6%. Interday and intraday variability were found to be < or =14%. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.1 (S/N > 3) and 0.25 microg mL(-1) (S/N > 10), respectively, for each of the three phenothiazines. We can also apply this method to separate three other phenothiazines (ethopromazine, trifluoroperazine, prochlorperazine), although it lacks the selectivity to determine the concentration of all six drugs concurrently. The separation is feasible using these drugs in certain combinations.

Bioanalytical methods for the determination of antipsychotic drugs

“…Generally speaking, almost all of the antipsychotics on the market have UV absorption. HPLC-UV methods are very popular for the determination of antipsychotics in biological samples (Titier et al, 2002(Titier et al, , 2003Llerena et al, 2003;Dusci et al, 2002;Aboul-Enein et al, 2006;Pistos and Stewart, 2003;Midha et al, 1981;Mosier et al, 2003;Garay Garcia et al, 2003;Chung et al, 1993;Olesen and Poulsen, 1993;Gupta, 1995;Saracino et al, 2006b;Hasselstrom and Linnet, 2003;Shimokawa et al, 2005;Sachse et al, 2006;Shen et al, 2002;Frahnert et al, 2003;Zhang et al, 2007c;Mercolini et al, 2007). In addition, Lara et al (2005) and Ho et al (2004) described CZE-UV methods for the quantitation of antipsychotics in biological samples.…”

“…The LLOQ was 10.0 ng/mL for HAL, 15.0 ng/ mL for RHAL and 400.0 ng/mL for CPHP. Pistos and Stewart (2003) have published a direct injection HPLC-UV method for the determination of CPZ in plasma using a Hisep column. Hisep columns use specially designed stationary phases to restrict the interaction of serum proteins with partitioning of the analyte.…”

High‐Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Psychotropic and Endogenous Compounds

“…Recently, Pistos and Stewart (2003) reported a method for the simultaneous determination of promethazine, promazine, chlorpromazine, prochlorpromazine, ethopromazine, and trifluoroperazine using a C18 Hisep analytical column maintained at 23 C with UV/VIS absorption at 254 nm. The isolation of the analytes from their plasma matrices was performed by filtering the plasma (0.22 mm filters) and injecting 20 ml of the supernate directly onto the analytical column.…”

Sensitive and Rapid Voltammetric Determination of Phenothiazine and Azaphenothiazine Derivatives in Pharmaceuticals Using a Boron-doped Diamond Electrode

“…Analytical application of these compounds is based on their reduction properties and the capacity to form colorful charge-transfer type complexes or ionassociation bonds. A literature review shows that the methods of determination of phenothiazine derivatives mainly include chromatographic [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and spectrophotometric ones. [10][11][12][13][14][15] With the development of modern pharmaceutical chemistry, the need arises to develop new methods of determination using contemporary analytical techniques.…”