Direct injection of hydrogen, oxygen and water in a novel two stroke engine

Boretti, Alberto; Osman, Azmi; Aris, Ishak

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.05.033

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This can be easily explained that the water injection reduces the in-cylinder temperature and the lower flame temperature inhibits the formation of NO x . On the basis of the theory from Zeldovich [54], thermal NO x production doubles for every 90 K temperature increase when the flame temperature is above 2000 K. Therefore, it can be seen that these results conform to Zeldovich mechanism with different DI timings using water injection method, and similar conclusions appear in the literature [55][56][57]. With the increase of ammonia concentration, the regional concentration of NO obviously shrinks in these three figures, which is because high concentration aqueous solution of ammonia contributes to perfect NO reduction.…”

Section: Major Nox Emissionssupporting

confidence: 84%

Inner Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Strategy for Nitrogen Oxides Abatement: Investigation of Ammonia Aqueous Solution Direct Injection with an SI Engine Model

et al. 2019

Energies

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This study contributes to a method based on an aqueous solution of ammonia direct injection for NO x emissions control from internal combustion engines. Many previously published studies about deNO x technology are based on selective catalytic reduction (SCR), but only few deal with inner selective non-catalytic reduction (inner SNCR) technology, which is an intensive improvement of selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) applied in the in-cylinder purification procedure. Before numerical calculations were carried out, the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation model was validated with steady-state experimental results. The main results revealed that with the increasing concentration of aqueous solution of ammonia, nitrogen oxides gradually decrease, and the largest decline of NO x is 65.1% with little loss of cylinder peak pressure. Unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) may increase using inner SNCR, and soot emissions show a decreased tendency. However, there is little change when ammonia content varies. Ulteriorly, refining the direct injection phase is of great help to inner SNCR technology to enhance the reduction of NO x and reduce NH 3 oxidation and NH 3 slipping.Energies 2019, 12, 2742 2 of 18 water emulsion diesel as compared with diesel fuel. Adnan et al. [10] conducted an experimental investigation on the optimum water injection timing for power augmentation and emission control of a hydrogen fueled compression ignition (HFCI) engine. The results show that a longer injection duration introduces more water droplets into the cylinder, reducing the in-cylinder charge temperature, which leads to NO x reduction. Although, the amount of water by injecting or emulsifying requires special attention. Excessive water injection may lead to decreased power performance and increased incomplete combustion [11]. Thus, the NO x emissions are limited by increasing the amount of the injected water.SCR has been widely applied in the exhaust after-treatment device of internal combustion engines (ICE). Compared with the three-way catalytic converter (TWC), SCR is not strictly restricted by the equivalence ratio [12]. Thus, the application of SCR has more rationality and scientificity in lean burn gasoline engines and diesel engines. However, the traditional SCR technology has some blemishes, such as poor durability of SCR catalyst [13], narrow temperature window for active deNO x [14], catalyst deactivation due to particulates accumulation [15], catalyst poisoning effect caused by heavy metals (Pb, Zn, and so on, and their oxides) [16], high cost, and difficult recovery by using the noble metal catalysts. The miniaturization and compactification of SCR equipment are also very important factors, which influence the automobile lightweight, especially the passenger car [17]. These limitations led researchers to begin to focus on selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), which is another technical route to reduce NO x emissions. As a result of getting rid of the reliance on catalysts, engines with SNCR tec...

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Section: Major Nox Emissionssupporting

confidence: 84%

Inner Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Strategy for Nitrogen Oxides Abatement: Investigation of Ammonia Aqueous Solution Direct Injection with an SI Engine Model

et al. 2019

Energies

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“…Hence, a high thermo efficiency combustion cycle with ultra-low emission is achieved. The feasibility and efficiency of the cycle were investigated [5][6][7]. Ideal thermal efficiency of the cycle could reach to 56% and even more.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Combustion and Emission Characteristics for Internal Combustion Rankine Cycle Engine under Different Water Injection Laws

et al. 2015

Energy Procedia

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This paper discusses a novel oxyfuel combustion method named internal combustion rankine cycle (ICRC) used in reciprocating engines. Water is heated up through heat exchanger by exhaust gas and engine coolant, and then injected into the cylinder during the combustion to control the oxyfuel combustion temperature and reaction rate. Moreover, evaporation of the water mist increases the mass of working fluid so indicated thermal efficiency of the cycle is enhanced. This study investigates combustion and emission characteristics of ICRC engine under different water injection laws. The results show that indicated work and thermal efficiency increases significantly due to water injection process. The properly increase of injection duration and pressure improve IMEP (Indicated mean effective pressure) and thermal efficiency. Engine stability becomes better under lower water injection pressure and less injection duration. Less water injection duration and better injection atomization causes lower HC emissions, while NOx emissions stay under low level.

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“…A model developed by Li and Karim [18] predicted efficiency increase when this idea is implemented in spark-ignited engines. Simulations for Hydrogen-oxygen combustion in Diesel-like compression ignition engines have also shown increased efficiency with water injection and excessive steam as residual gases [19].…”

Section: Thermodynamic Efficiency As Function Of Compression Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

A Path towards High Efficiency Using Argon in an HCCI Engine

Mohammed

Masurier

Elkhazraji

et al. 2019

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Direct injection of hydrogen, oxygen and water in a novel two stroke engine

Cited by 39 publications

References 2 publications

Inner Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Strategy for Nitrogen Oxides Abatement: Investigation of Ammonia Aqueous Solution Direct Injection with an SI Engine Model

Inner Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Strategy for Nitrogen Oxides Abatement: Investigation of Ammonia Aqueous Solution Direct Injection with an SI Engine Model

Experimental Investigation of Combustion and Emission Characteristics for Internal Combustion Rankine Cycle Engine under Different Water Injection Laws

A Path towards High Efficiency Using Argon in an HCCI Engine

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