Direct injection supersonic cluster beam source for FT-ICR studies of clusters

Maruyama, Shigeo; Anderson, L. R.; Smalley, R. E.

doi:10.1063/1.1141536

Cited by 238 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our experimental apparatus was based on the same design concept as that of the apparatus used by Smalley's group, 25) the detailed characteristics of which are described elsewhere. [26][27][28][29] Figures 1 and 2 show the cluster beam source and the direct-injection Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) apparatus, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectroscopy of Chemical Reaction of 3d Metal Clusters Involved in Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

Inoue¹,

Maruyama²

2008

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The chemical reactions of transition metal clusters in the gas phase have aroused considerable scientific interest and are also of critical scientific importance. For example, these reactions are involved in the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes, which are considered ideal materials because of their outstanding properties. Alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition (ACCVD) is one of the best synthetic processes for carbon nanotubes (CNTs); however, even the initial growth mechanism is still unclear, unlike those of other synthetic processes. In this study, we used a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer to determine the initial reactions of transition metal cluster ions (iron, cobalt, and nickel) that are typically adopted in the alcohol CVD process. Metal clusters with approximately 10 -25 atoms each, generated by a pulsed laser ablation system in a supersonic-expansion cluster beam source, were directly carried into the FT-ICR cell. Subsequently, ethanol was introduced into the ICR cell. We observed two different results: one was simple chemisorption observed in the iron cluster and the other was dehydrogenated chemisorption observed in the nickel cluster; however, cobalt clusters exhibited both patterns, and a sequential reaction was observed. Furthermore, the dehydrogenation of ethanol on the cobalt cluster is fully described from isotope-labeled experiments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectroscopy of Chemical Reaction of 3d Metal Clusters Involved in Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

Inoue¹,

Maruyama²

2008

jjap

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“…Hydrated vanadium ions are produced by laser vaporization [41][42][43] of a solid vanadium disc, followed by supersonic expansion of the hot plasma in helium seeded with water vapor [29,39]. The ions are transferred with an electrostatic lens system to the ultra-high vacuum region of the mass spectrometer, where they are stored in the ICR cell at a pressure of typically 1·10 -10 mbar.…”

Section: Experimental and Computational Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodissociation and photochemistry of V+(H2O)n, n = 1–4, in the 360–680 nm region

Scharfschwerdt

Linde

Balaj

et al. 2012

Low Temperature Physics

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The photodissociation and photochemistry of V + (H 2 O) n , n = 1-4, was studied in the 360-680 nm region in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. The light of a high pressure mercury arc lamp was filtered with band pass filters, with center wavelengths from 360 to 680 nm in steps of 20 nm. The bandwidth of the filters, defined as full width at half maximum, was 10 nm. Photodissociation channels are loss of water molecules, as well as loss of atomic or molecular hydrogen, which may be accompanied by loss of water molecules. The most intense absorptions are red shifted with increasing hydration. Theoretical spectra are calculated with time dependent density functional theory. Calculations reproduce all features of the experimental spectra, including the red shift with increasing hydration shell and the overall pattern of strong and weak absorptions.

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“…Laser ablation produces a high density of neutral and charged species, and, in a confined space (=0.25 CM3), the pressure is sufficiently high for collisional relaxation to occur. This is the same general approach involved in the waiting room experiment of Smalley and coworkers (15).…”

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Laser desorption studies of high mass biomolecules in Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

Solouki

Russell

1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization is used to obtain Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra of model peptides (e.g., gramicidin S, angiotensin I, renin substrate, melittin, and bovine insulin). Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization yields ions having appreciable kinetic energies. Two methods for trapping the high kinetic energy ions are described: (') the ion signal for [M + H]+ ions is shown to increase with increasing trapping voltages, and (ii) collisional relaxation is used for the detection of [M + H]+ ions of bovine insulin.Ionization methods such as californium plasma desorption (1), matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALD) (2), and electrospray ionization (ESI) (3) have greatly expanded the role of mass spectrometry of high mass biomolecules. Biomolecules having molecular masses >100,000 Da can be ionized to yield a single-charged (e.g., [M + H]+) or multiple-charged (e.g., [M + nH]n+) ion. Although most of the MALD and ESI work has utilized time-of-flight, quadrupole mass spectrometers and/or quadrupole ion traps, MALD (4) and ESI are adaptable to Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR). The advantage of FTICR (and the quadrupole ion trap) is that tandem mass spectrometry experiments [e.g., collision-induced dissociation and photodissociation (5)] and ion molecule reactions can be implemented for structural characterization. The best high mass performance [-60,000 mass resolution at m/z 6000 (6)] of FTICR has been achieved with laser desorption ionization of nonpolar polymers. McLafferty and coworkers (7) have made considerable progress with the development of ESI for FTICR, and a highsensitivity ESI/FTICR system was recently described.* Several groups (9, 10) have suggested that the performance of FTICR with biological molecules (samples that have relatively low ionization probabilities) and molecular masses greater than -2500 Da may be adversely affected by inefficient trapping of the ions or inherent limitations of the ion detection. For example, the mass resolution for samples with molecular masses greater than -2500 Da is far less than the theoretically predicted values (11). On the basis of our experience with desorption ionization and high mass FTICR, we suggested that the major problem with high-resolution FTICR at high mass is due to the high kinetic energies of desorbed ions (9). We have recently evaluated two experimental methods for improving the trapping efficiency of high mass ions: (i) the effects of increasing the electric trapping field and (ii) the effects of collisional relaxation of the laser-desorbed species prior to trapping the ions in the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) cell. In this article we present the results from both experimental methods. The results show that increasing the trapping potentials improves the ion trapping efficiency, but detection of [M + H]+ ions of bovine insulin (m/z = 5734) requires collisional relaxation of ions prior to their introduction into the ion cell. MATERIALS AND METHODSFTICR Mass Spectrometer. The...

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Direct injection supersonic cluster beam source for FT-ICR studies of clusters

Cited by 238 publications

References 28 publications

Mass Spectroscopy of Chemical Reaction of 3d Metal Clusters Involved in Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

Mass Spectroscopy of Chemical Reaction of 3d Metal Clusters Involved in Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

Photodissociation and photochemistry of V+(H2O)n, n = 1–4, in the 360–680 nm region

Laser desorption studies of high mass biomolecules in Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

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