Direct Ink Writing Technology (3D Printing) of Graphene-Based Ceramic Nanocomposites: A Review

Three-dimensional printed electrodes seem to overcome many structural and operational limitations compared to ones fabricated with conventional methods. Compared to other 3D printing techniques, direct ink writing (DIW), as a sub-category of extrusion-based 3D printing techniques, allows for easier fabrication, the utilization of various materials, and high flexibility in electrode architectures with low costs. Despite the conveniences in fabrication procedures that are facilitated by DIW, what qualifies an ink as 3D printable has become challenging to discern. Probing rheological ink properties such as viscoelastic moduli and yield stress appears to be a promising approach to determine 3D printability. Yet, issues arise regarding standardization protocols. It is essential for the ink filament to be extruded easily and continuously to maintain dimensional accuracy, even after post-processing methods related to electrode fabrication. Additives frequently present in the inks need to be removed, and this procedure affects the electrical and electrochemical properties of the 3D-printed electrodes. In this context, the aim of the current review was to analyze various energy devices, highlighting the type of inks synthesized and their measured rheological properties. This review fills a gap in the existing literature. Thus, according to the inks that have been formulated, we identified two categories of DIW electrode architectures that have been manufactured: supported and free-standing architectures.

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Gloss, Light Reflection and Iridescence in Ceramic Tile Enamels Containing ZrO2 and ZnO

Iribarren

Rizo-Maestre

2020

Coatings

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Ceramic claddings on building facades not only present functional qualities and good resistance; they also add value to the architecture due to their qualities of light reflection, gloss and iridescence. The colour ranges produced by some enamel application techniques can vary widely. They change depending on one’s angle of vision and movement, colours in the surroundings, sunlight and their angle of incidence. In addition, the iridescent-pearl effect produced by light diffraction can lead to beautiful goniochromatic colours. This study analyses the production of square tiles of stoneware manufactured by extrusion, and their application to the Faculty of Education of the University of Alicante (FEUA) (Spain). Applying an enamel containing zirconium silicate ZrSiO4 and other metals such as Zn and Al produces iridescence-like effects. The physical-chemical properties of enamel and gloss values were characterised. A colorimetric characterisation was conducted by evaluating goniochromatic or iridescent colours, measuring the light’s spectral radiance factor, and comparing these results with other ceramic tiles of marked iridescent effects, with the presence of a final layer of anatase TiO2 enamel.

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Direct Ink Writing Technology (3D Printing) of Graphene-Based Ceramic Nanocomposites: A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 242 publications

Evaluation the biocompatibility and hardness of 3D printed resin material with different times and many rinsing solutions

Evaluation the biocompatibility and hardness of 3D printed resin material with different times and many rinsing solutions

Direct Ink Writing for Electrochemical Device Fabrication: A Review of 3D-Printed Electrodes and Ink Rheology

Gloss, Light Reflection and Iridescence in Ceramic Tile Enamels Containing ZrO2 and ZnO

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