Direct insolation models

Bird, Richard E.; Hulstrom, R.

doi:10.2172/5626683

Cited by 70 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…(13) The direct normal total (spectrally integrated) solar irradiance as a function of the air mass (AM) and atmospheric conditions that include the effects of elevation, can be calculated using the Parameterization Model C developed by Iqbal, given in Eq. (19) [78][79][80].…”

Section: Solar Irradiance Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable, Self‐Contained Sodium Metal Production Plant for a Hydrogen Fuel Clean Energy Cycle

Stern¹

2017

Recent Improvements of Power Plants Management and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this chapter, we present a detailed design study of a novel, scalable, self-contained solar powered electrolytic sodium (Na) metal production plant meant to enable a hydrogen (H 2 ) fuel, sustainable, closed clean energy cycle. The hydrogen fuel is generated on demand inside a motor vehicle using an efficient hydrogen generation apparatus that safely implements a controlled chemical reaction between either ordinary salinated (sea) or desalinated (fresh) water and sodium metal. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) byproduct of the hydrogen generating chemical reaction is stored temporarily within the hydrogen generation apparatus and is recovered during motor vehicle refueling to be reprocessed in the self-contained sodium (Na) metal production plant. The electric power for NaOH electrolysis is produced using photovoltaic (PV) device panels spatially arrayed and electrically interconnected on a tower structure that maximizes the use of scarce land area. Our analysis shows that the scalable, self-contained sodium (Na) metal production plant using solar power is technically and economically viable for meeting the hydrogen fuel clean energy needs of all the motor vehicles in the U.S.A. by constructing approximately 450,000 scalable, self-contained sodium (Na) metal production plant units in the southwestern desert region that includes West Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and Southern California.

show abstract

Section: Solar Irradiance Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable, Self‐Contained Sodium Metal Production Plant for a Hydrogen Fuel Clean Energy Cycle

Stern¹

2017

Recent Improvements of Power Plants Management and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The description can be found in Bird (1980). The model requires 3 input parameters: the water vapor column (in cm), the broadband aerosol optical depth (at 700 nm or calculated from the spectral attenuation at 2 wavelengths commonly used by meteorological networks: 380 and 500 nm), and the total ozone column considered here as constant and equal to 340 Dobson units.…”

Section: Bird Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of models that estimate the clear sky global and beam solar irradiance

Ineichen

2016

Solar Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The optimal utilization of solar energy requires a thorough characterization of the solar resource. The most accurate way is to measure that resource in situ. However accurate measurements are not a common commodity, especially over longer time spans. To circumvent the lack of ground based measurements, models can be applied to estimate solar irradiance components. A fundamental component is clear sky irradiance. In particular, clear sky irradiance is used as the normalization function in models that convert meteorological satellite images into irradiance, or in models that decompose global irradiance into diffuse/direct fraction. It is therefore important to evaluate and validate clear sky irradiance models.

show abstract

“…When not known, and this is often the case, it can be evaluated from the spectral aerosol optical depth: 700 , this equivalence is only slightly influenced by the air mass, -or with the help of the empirical Bird and Huldstrom (1980) approximation based on the attenuation at two wavelengths commonly used by meteorological networks: D a = 0.2758 Ã aod 380 + 0.35 Ã aod 500 , where aod k is the aerosol optical depth at the considered wave length k. The extension of the Linke turbidity coefficient to other values of the air mass was published by Ineichen and Perez (2002). In order to extend its validity to higher atmospheric water vapor content and to introduce altitude dependence, a new formulation is proposed.…”

Section: Conversion Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion function between the Linke turbidity and the atmospheric water vapor and aerosol content

Ineichen

2008

Solar Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Direct insolation models

Cited by 70 publications

References 10 publications

Scalable, Self‐Contained Sodium Metal Production Plant for a Hydrogen Fuel Clean Energy Cycle

Scalable, Self‐Contained Sodium Metal Production Plant for a Hydrogen Fuel Clean Energy Cycle

Validation of models that estimate the clear sky global and beam solar irradiance

Conversion function between the Linke turbidity and the atmospheric water vapor and aerosol content

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About