Direct laser writing of mid-infrared microelements on polyethylene material

Self-assembled microlens on light emitting diodes using hydrophilic effect

“…There have been many techniques to fabricate micro-lens array, including thermal reflow [9], laser ablation [10], direct laser writing [11], ink-jet printing [12], and gray-scale mask methods [13]. However, there are still some drawbacks of these techniques.…”

Polyvinylidene fluoride—piezoelectric polymer for integrated infrared optics applications

“…All above-mentioned applications demand precise positioning of the microlenses; thus there are clear advantages in piezoelectric substrates allowing precise displacement of the microlens. Microlenses are currently produced by different technologies: micromolding [17], local melting of glass by CO 2 laser [18], microplastic embossing process [19,20], argon ion-beam etching [21] or direct laser writing [7]. We established that PVDF is highly suitable for direct IR laser writing of cylindrical and pseudo-spherical microlenses.…”

“…Different groups have recently used polymer materials for the fabrication of spherical microlenses recently [7][8][9][10]. The novelty of our approach lies in the fact that PVDF demonstrates strong piezoelectric properties [11,12].…”

Fabrication of ternary Ge–Se–Sb chalcogenide microlens arrays using thermal reflow

“…Microlens arrays (MLAs) have been investigated and applied for many years in various application areas, including optical fibers, CMOS image sensors, illumination systems, wavefront sensors, gray-scale lithography, etc [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The most commonly used materials for MLAs are polymers, such as SU-8, photoresist, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for visible light bands [7,8], and polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, and polypropylene for infrared bands [9][10][11]. Polymers normally have high transmissivity at their applicable bands, and can be fabricated into MLAs readily using thermal reflow [12][13][14].…”