Direct major- and trace-element analyses of rock varnish by high resolution laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS)

Wayne, David M.; Diaz, Tammy; Fairhurst, R.; Orndorff, Richard L.; Pete, Douglas V.

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.04.005

Cited by 43 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The most important differences observed between fresh and weathered surface spectra are related to (1) spectrum brightness, (2) presence and intensity of characteristic absorption features, and (3) the differences of slope in the 350 -2500 nm region [13,22,57]. The present study shows that spectral changes occur mainly in the 350-1000 nm and 1900-2500 nm regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Spectral properties of weathered and fresh rock surfaces in the Xiemisitai metallogenic belt, NW Xinjiang, China

Zhou

Wang

2017

Open Geosciences

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Surfaces weathering of rocks in which mineral materials may be similar to or quite different from the minerals in the underlying parent rock completely control the reflectance spectra of the terrain. Our study of typical weathered and fresh rock samples from the Xiemisitai metallogenic belt, Western Junggar region, Xinjiang, found that weathering results in the formation of new materials that cause differences in the spectral features of fresh and weathered rock surfaces. Alterations induce variations in spectrum brightness, presence and intensity of characteristic absorption features, and spectral slope. Spectral differences between weathered and fresh rock surfaces are small for rhyolite, granite, and tuffaceous sandstone, but large for andesite, basalt, and diorite. Spectral changes in the 350-1000 nm wavelength region are attributed to alteration of iron oxides by atmospheric processes or secondary alteration of iron-rich minerals. Spectral features between 1000-2500 nm are caused by O-H vibrations, with features at 2200-2500 nm solely attributed to hydroxyl groups. The strongest Al-OH bands appear near 2200 nm, while Mg-OH bands are found near 2300 nm and 2350 nm. Results from this study can be used to better characterize and discriminate lithological units and potential mineral zones using hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Desert varnish is a mixed layer of illite clays and nanocrystalline iron and manganese oxides, which partially cover rock surfaces in arid and semi-arid environments [20][21][22]. Such rock coatings are usually only microns to millimeters in thickness, but they completely control the spectral signatures of the rock surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral properties of weathered and fresh rock surfaces in the Xiemisitai metallogenic belt, NW Xinjiang, China

Zhou

Wang

2017

Open Geosciences

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“…All three NTS samples are enriched in Mo and W, which could be explained by their location in the W mineralization belt. Large quantities of W have been dispersed into the environment in central Nevada as a result of W mining and smelting operations [12,24].…”

Section: Quadrupole Icpms Sample Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These standards have been well characterized in LA-ICPMS studies and provide reliable calibrations for analysis of many geological materials [12,20]. The certified values for the SRM were used; and when that information was unavailable, consensus values were used [20,21].…”

Section: Calibration and Detection Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wayne et al [12] suggest that elevated trace metal concentrations on the varnish surfaces may be directly attributed to metal-containing, atmospherically-deposited particulates and that these particulates probably originated at coal-fired power plants. The particulate matter (PM) emissions from coal-fired power plants are typically controlled with electrostatic precipitators (ESP) or fabric filters [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elemental Analysis of Desert Varnish Samples in the Vicinity of Coal-Fired Power Plants and the Nevada Test Site Using Laser Ablation ICPMS

Nowinski¹,

Hodge²,

Lindley³

et al. 2010

TOCBMJ

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Desert varnish is a thin manganese-iron rich dark coating that forms on rocks most often in arid climates. This coating may be up to a few hundred microns in thickness and is thought to grow by approximately one micron per thousand years. Recent research has shown that many elements are incorporated into this coating, and, in spite of its slow growth, it may serve as a passive environmental monitor for recent and historical air pollution. To test this hypothesis, small pieces of varnished rock were probed directly by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Results were obtained for 11 elements (13 The LA-ICPMS data indicate that many of the elements commonly found in fly ash from coal-fired power plants (e.g., Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, Sb, Tl and Pb) were highly enriched in the rock coatings in relation to the upper continental crust (UCC). For one of the power plants, where tracer plume studies had been carried out, the highest concentrations in the rock varnish coincide with the peak tracer concentration locations. Thus, these elements in rock varnish hold promise for identifying those geographical regions impacted by nearby power plants. Overall, the results indicate that rock varnish can be used as a passive environmental monitor of relatively recent events, and that the trace element fingerprints held in rock varnish may also hold much potential in forensic air pollution studies.

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Desert Rock Coatings

Dorn

2009

Geomorphology of Desert Environments

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Direct major- and trace-element analyses of rock varnish by high resolution laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS)

Cited by 43 publications

References 108 publications

Spectral properties of weathered and fresh rock surfaces in the Xiemisitai metallogenic belt, NW Xinjiang, China

Spectral properties of weathered and fresh rock surfaces in the Xiemisitai metallogenic belt, NW Xinjiang, China

Elemental Analysis of Desert Varnish Samples in the Vicinity of Coal-Fired Power Plants and the Nevada Test Site Using Laser Ablation ICPMS

Desert Rock Coatings

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