Direct measurement and analysis of the carrier-envelope phase in light pulses approaching the single-cycle regime

Laser intensity effects in carrier-envelope phase-tagged time of flight-photoemission electron microscopy

“…Therefore, we carried out intensity-dependent measurements on the kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted from hot spot areas of the plasmonic sample and the CEP of the according laser pulses detected by the stereographic ATI phase meter to gain a deeper understanding to explain this CEP artifact. Our findings, which are supported by simulations, give a new insight that intensity-biased CEP detection by the phase meter could indeed affect real CEP retrieval for the low CEP sensitivity of photoemission processes from metallic surfaces [13,14,40] and an ensemble of inhomogeneous nanostructures [41]. Our work here paves the way to precise measurements of CEP control on plasmonic nanostructures using CEP-tagged ToF-PEEM for ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution.…”

“…As the CEP of an ultrashort wavepacket from a laser generally experiences random fluctuations from shot to shot, methods to stabilize it have been developed [3,4], which led to the generation of frequency combs [5] and isolated attosecond pulses [6,7], for instance. CEP effects have already been demonstrated on gases [8][9][10], molecules [11,12] and solids [13][14][15][16], providing a basic insight into lightmatter interactions and revealing its enormous potential to precisely manipulate and control ultrafast electron dynamics. In the meantime, surface plasmon polariton-assisted Abstract A time of flight-photoemission electron microscope is combined with a single-shot stereographic abovethreshold ionization phase meter for studying attosecond control of electrons in tailored plasmonic nanostructures spatially and energetically via a carrier-envelope phase tagging technique.…”

Pulse compression with large-mode-area photonic crystal fibres

“…Examples include self-compression in filaments [4] or in the soliton regime. For most input pulses, however, more robust and broadband solutions are offered by schemes where the spectral broadening and pulse compression stages are separated [5][6][7]. In these cases, the spectral broadening stage usually consists of single-mode solid-core, multi-mode, rod-type or gas-filled hollow-core fibers.…”

“…In these cases, the spectral broadening stage usually consists of single-mode solid-core, multi-mode, rod-type or gas-filled hollow-core fibers. The spectrum of femtosecond oscillator pulses with up to ~30 nJ energy can be efficiently broadened in short single-mode glass fibers with 2 -5 μm core diameter [5] whereas the ~mJ pulses of femtosecond amplifiers can be efficiently guided and broadened in gas-filled capillaries [7]. With the recent advent of femtosecond technology resulting in high-energy, 100 nJ…several μJ pulses with > 1 MHz repetition rate [8][9][10] (in the Ti:sapphire case, directly from the oscillator), new methods for pulse compression have to be devised for these novel parameter regimes.…”

Direct carrier–envelope phase stabilization of a soliton-effect compressed sub-two-cycle pulse source through nonlinear mixing of solitonic and dispersive waves

“…More recent improvements in CEP stabilization techniques, such as direct phase measurements based on multi-photoninduced photoelectron emission from a gold surface [7], direct locking in the time domain [8], direct CEP stabilization of lownoise prismless octave spanning Ti:Sapphire oscillators [9,10] and the recent feed-forward approaches [11] give us a hint of the importance of this research field for applications where low-noise CEP-stabilized pulses are required, such as attosecond science, frequency metrology, precision spectroscopy and extreme nonlinear optics.…”