Direct measurement of carbon solubility in the intermetallic (Fe,Cr)2(Mo,W) Laves phase using atom-probe field-ion microscopy

Lundin, Lars

doi:10.1016/1359-6462(95)00569-2

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The Laves-phase particles may well provide a stronger contribution to creep strength when they form in smaller sizes and higher number densities at other alloy compositions [27]. For the material investigated in the present study, it seems to be less important whether the formation of Laves-phase causes a decrease in Mo content in the matrix and thus decreases solid solution strengthening [46] or whether the formation of Laves-phase increases the creep resistance through additional precipitation hardening [47]. In X20 there is not enough of the Laves-phase to significantly affect creep strength.…”

Section: Stability Of Particlesmentioning

confidence: 92%

On the effect of long-term creep on the microstructure of a 12% chromium tempered martensite ferritic steel

2009

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Section: Stability Of Particlesmentioning

confidence: 92%

On the effect of long-term creep on the microstructure of a 12% chromium tempered martensite ferritic steel

2009

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“…Although the faulted contrast of Fe 2 W Laves phase had been observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [16] and reported [17] in this type of steels, no interpretation has been given thus far. The aim of this study is to carry out a systematic study on the precipitation behavior of Fe 2 W Laves phase, including its faulted structure and crystallographic orientation relationship with the matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Precipitation of Fe2W laves phase and modeling of its direct influence on the strength of a 12Cr-2W steel

2006

Metall Mater Trans A

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Precipitation of Fe 2 W Laves phase in a 12Cr-2W power plant steel is investigated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fe 2 W Laves phase is found to be coherent with the matrix and has a stacking fault structure. The influence of formation of Fe 2 W Laves phase on the yield strength of the steel is quantitatively evaluated. The modeling result indicates that the strengthening effect from the formation of Laves phase particles is diminished by the loss of solid solution strengthening of alloying elements, and, as a result, the strength of the steel remains similar. The effect of clustering and coarsening of Laves precipitates on the strength of the steel is also studied. It is showed that clustering and coarsening decreases the strengthening effect of Laves phase. The limitation of the modeling approach currently adopted is also discussed.

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“…Although the solubility of carbon in CMn 4 MoSi intermetallic compound has not yet been investigated, it has been reported that intermetallic compounds formed in stainless steel such as Laves phase has a certain amount of carbon solubility. 33,34 Moreover, as shown in Figure 7, the EELS intensity of carbon in CMn 4 MoSi intermetallic compounds was significantly higher than that of the back ground carbon intensity of the replica. It is clear that the high C solubility and blocky size of the intermetallic compound formed in WCF-14 have three effects to prevent IGC, as schematically presented in Figure 11.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Alloy Design to Prevent Intergranular Corrosion of Low-Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel with Weak Carbide Formers

Park

Seo

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Effect of weak carbide formers, Mo, Mn and Si, on intergranular corrosion (IGC) of low-Cr ferritic stainless steel is analyzed after IGC test using TEM and three dimensional atom probe. The co-addition of Mo, Mn and Si to low-Cr ferritic stainless steel effectively prevents IGC by forming along grain boundaries CMn 4 MoSi intermetallic compounds, which act not only as carbon trap sites but also as diffusion barrier against solute Cr diffusion toward grain boundaries. The low solubility of Cr in the CMn 4 The low-chromium (Cr) ferritic stainless steels (FSSs) are widely used as an economical structural material in moderate corrosive environments because they have high strength and good corrosion resistance. The low-Cr FSSs contain Cr content in a range of 11 to 13 wt% and they are used for automotive exhaust system, chemical processing equipment, furnace parts, heat exchangers, recuperates, oil burner parts and storage vessels.1,2 Welding is an inevitable manufacturing process to make the structural components with low-Cr FSS. Since fusion welding such as gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is a common practice for low-Cr FSS, during service, it often results in a serious industrial problem of sensitization or intergranular corrosion (IGC). 2-4Sensitization occurs quite easily in FSS, which has body centred cubic (BCC) structure, because of its low solubility of interstitial elements of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N).5 In FSS, sensitization may occur as fast as less than 0.01 s because of high diffusivity of C and N in BCC structure.6 Therefore, prevention of sensitization of low-Cr FSS requires careful alloy design with a clear understanding on the IGC mechanism.IGC of stainless steel is known to occur due to electrochemical potential difference between the matrix and Cr depleted zone in the vicinity of grain boundary area. According to the conventional IGC mechanism, 6-8 Cr depletion and consequent IGC are induced by formation of Cr-carbide and/or Cr-carbonitride along grain boundaries. Based on the conventional IGC mechanism, the general commercial recommendation to prevent IGC of stainless steel is reduction in the content of C and N, and addition of strong carbide former as a stabilizer such as titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb). For austenitic stainless steels, it is recommended to reduce the C content to less than 0.03 wt%, wheareas for ferritic stainless steels, to reduce the total amount of C and N less than 0.01 wt%. 6,8 The amount of stabilizer to prevent IGC varies depending on the alloy composition and welding process. To recommend the proper amount of stabilizer, the stabilization ratio (SR) is commonly used, where SR is defined as the ratio of the total amount of Ti and Nb to total amount of C and N. For low-Cr FSS, the technical standards of ASM and ASTM recommend various amount of stabilizer equivalent to SR values of 5 to 6. 8,9 Niekerk et al. have suggested SR value more than 6 with specific heat input level, 10 whereas Fritz and Franson have recommended it be more than 8. However, most IGC tests on 409 FSS...

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Direct measurement of carbon solubility in the intermetallic (Fe,Cr)2(Mo,W) Laves phase using atom-probe field-ion microscopy

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

On the effect of long-term creep on the microstructure of a 12% chromium tempered martensite ferritic steel

On the effect of long-term creep on the microstructure of a 12% chromium tempered martensite ferritic steel

Precipitation of Fe2W laves phase and modeling of its direct influence on the strength of a 12Cr-2W steel

Alloy Design to Prevent Intergranular Corrosion of Low-Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel with Weak Carbide Formers

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