Direct Measurement of Shear-Induced Cross-Correlations of Brownian Motion

Ziehl, Andreas; Bammert, Jochen; Holzer, Lukas; Wagner, Christian; Zimmermann, Walter

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.230602

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, in reality, fluctuations always exist as manifested in the hydrodynamic instability (29) or the shear-induced Brownian motion (30), so that solutions of Eqs. 1 and 2 become very complicated because of mixing between various fluctuating stress and strain rate components.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Probing nonlinear rheology layer-by-layer in interfacial hydration water

Kim

Kwon

Lee

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Viscoelastic fluids exhibit rheological nonlinearity at a high shear rate. Although typical nonlinear effects, shear thinning and shear thickening, have been usually understood by variation of intrinsic quantities such as viscosity, one still requires a better understanding of the microscopic origins, currently under debate, especially on the shear-thickening mechanism. We present accurate measurements of shear stress in the bound hydration water layer using noncontact dynamic force microscopy. We find shear thickening occurs above ∼ 10 6 s −1 shear rate beyond 0.3-nm layer thickness, which is attributed to the nonviscous, elasticityassociated fluidic instability via fluctuation correlation. Such a nonlinear fluidic transition is observed due to the long relaxation time (∼ 10 −6 s) of water available in the nanoconfined hydration layer, which indicates the onset of elastic turbulence at nanoscale, elucidating the interplay between relaxation and shear motion, which also indicates the onset of elastic turbulence at nanoscale above a universal shear velocity of ∼ 1 mm=s. This extensive layer-by-layer control paves the way for fundamental studies of nonlinear nanorheology and nanoscale hydrodynamics, as well as provides novel insights on viscoelastic dynamics of interfacial water.nonlinear rheology | hydration layer | shear thickening | elastic turbulence | dynamic force spectroscopy T he rheological nonlinearity of fluids (1-3) is a universal, highly nonequilibrium phenomenon observed in diverse systems ranging from soft materials [e.g., polymeric (1, 4), biological (5, 6), and colloidal (2, 7-9) solution] to terrestrial layers [e.g., Earth's mantle (10)], occurring at extremely high shear rates (1, 2, 11). Although shear thinning (decrease of viscosity) originates from the decrease of particle density correlation (2, 12), shear thickening (4, 7, 8, 13-17) (increase of viscosity) has been understood in various perspectives such as hydrodynamic instability (18) at high Reynolds number (Re) or order-disorder transition (13,14) at low Re and high Weissenberg number (Wi) [a measure of elasticity of viscoelastic flows (1); see SI Appendix, section S1, for nonlinear hydrodynamics formalism based on Re and Wi]. In particular, such a viscoelastic flow with low Re and high Wi exhibits behaviors similar to the inertial turbulence of Newtonian flow, so termed the elastic turbulence (4, 17). Despite extensive studies, however, one still lacks understanding of (i) the role of elastic instability in the enhanced flow resistance and (ii) the unexplored characteristics of nonlinear rheology at nanoscale.The hydration water layer (HWL), which is a ubiquitous form of nanoscale water consisting of water molecules tightly bound to ions or hydrophilic surfaces, is a highly viscoelastic fluid showing sluggish relaxation time (19-21) up to 10 μs (22). Better understanding of the HWL dynamics, especially its nonlinear rheology, is increasingly on demand to address diverse processes associated with HWL and to develop related technologies ...

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Probing nonlinear rheology layer-by-layer in interfacial hydration water

Kim

Kwon

Lee

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Brownian motion in nonequilibrium systems is of particular interest because it is directly related to the transport of molecules and cells in biological systems. Important examples include Brownian motors [38,39], active Brownian motion of self-propelled particles [40][41][42][43][44][45][46], hot Brownian motion [47], and Brownian motion in shear flows [48]. Recent theoretical studies also found that the inertias of particles and surrounding fluids can significantly affect the Brownian motion in nonequilibrium systems [49][50][51][52][53][54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brownian motion at short time scales

2013

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Brownian motion has played important roles in many different fields of science since its origin was first explained by Albert Einstein in 1905. Einstein's theory of Brownian motion, however, is only applicable at long time scales. At short time scales, Brownian motion of a suspended particle is not completely random, due to the inertia of the particle and the surrounding fluid. Moreover, the thermal force exerted on a particle suspended in a liquid is not a white noise, but is colored. Recent experimental developments in optical trapping and detection have made this new regime of Brownian motion accessible. This review summarizes related theories and recent experiments on Brownian motion at short time scales, with a focus on the measurement of the instantaneous velocity of a Brownian particle in a gas and the observation of the transition from ballistic to diffusive Brownian motion in a liquid.

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“…Other theoretical and experimental studies have also been conducted on fluctuations in NESS under shear flow by using systems other than immiscible blends [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] . For example, Sakaue et al [16] performed a theoretical investigation of a model system consisting of two beads connected by a harmonic spring under shear flow, showing that nonconservative forces caused by the shear flow violate the fluctuation dissipation theory (FDT) and deriving an alternative relation valid for NESS's.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of shear flow on the linear response of a nematic liquid crystal to external electric fields

et al. 2012

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We have investigated the linear response of shear stress to ac electric fields under shear flow in a nematic liquid crystal. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical results derived from the Ericksen-Leslie theory. Although close agreement was obtained at low shear rates, discrepancies were observed at high shear rates. By introducing a two-mode coupling model the experimental results were well reproduced for the entire range of shear rates, and nonconservative forces were found to play an important role in determining the fluctuation dynamics, which is a characteristic of nonequilibrium steady states.

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Direct Measurement of Shear-Induced Cross-Correlations of Brownian Motion

Cited by 46 publications

References 34 publications

Probing nonlinear rheology layer-by-layer in interfacial hydration water

Probing nonlinear rheology layer-by-layer in interfacial hydration water

Brownian motion at short time scales

Influence of shear flow on the linear response of a nematic liquid crystal to external electric fields

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