Direct Measurement of the Topological Charge in Elliptical Beams Using Diffraction by a Triangular Aperture

Melo, Leandro A.; Jesus‐Silva, Alcenísio J.; Chávez-Cerda, Sabino; Ribeiro, P. H. Souto; Soares, W. C.

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-24928-5

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…VBs have unique diffraction properties, the aperture diffraction patterns of which are coupled with the actual OAM. Since Hickmann et al 40 unveiled in 2010 the exotic lattice pattern in triangular-aperture far-field diffraction of VBs, it has been used as an effective method for OAM detection and measurement of femtosecond vortices 113 , non-integer charge vortices 114 , and elliptical VBs 115 . Many other unique far-field diffraction patterns were investigated through a slit 116 , a square aperture 117 , a diamond-shaped aperture 118 , a circular aperture 119 , an off-axis circular aperture 120 , an isosceles right triangular aperture 121 , a sectorial screen 122 , and so on.…”

Section: Properties Of Ovsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities

et al. 2019

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Thirty years ago, Coullet et al. proposed that a special optical field exists in laser cavities bearing some analogy with the superfluid vortex. Since then, optical vortices have been widely studied, inspired by the hydrodynamics sharing similar mathematics. Akin to a fluid vortex with a central flow singularity, an optical vortex beam has a phase singularity with a certain topological charge, giving rise to a hollow intensity distribution. Such a beam with helical phase fronts and orbital angular momentum reveals a subtle connection between macroscopic physical optics and microscopic quantum optics. These amazing properties provide a new understanding of a wide range of optical and physical phenomena, including twisting photons, spin–orbital interactions, Bose–Einstein condensates, etc., while the associated technologies for manipulating optical vortices have become increasingly tunable and flexible. Hitherto, owing to these salient properties and optical manipulation technologies, tunable vortex beams have engendered tremendous advanced applications such as optical tweezers, high-order quantum entanglement, and nonlinear optics. This article reviews the recent progress in tunable vortex technologies along with their advanced applications.

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Section: Properties Of Ovsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities

et al. 2019

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“…Even if it was fractional in the initial plane, on propagation, it becomes an integer [19]. However, Equation (14) indicates that, by using the function ∂(arg E)/∂ϕ at large radii r, other propagation-invariant quantities may also be constructed, e.g.,…”

Section: Asymptotic Phase Invariants Of Vortex Laser Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have been dedicated to conservation of these properties, either on propagation in atmospheric turbulence [10] or after amplitude distortions [11]. Many studies sought to determine the OAM [12,13] or TC [14,15] of an optical signal beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological Charge and Asymptotic Phase Invariants of Vortex Laser Beams

2021

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It is well known that the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of a light field is conserved on propagation. In this work, in contrast to the OAM, we analytically study conservation of the topological charge (TC), which is often confused with OAM, but has quite different physical meaning. To this end, we propose a huge-ring approximation of the Huygens–Fresnel principle, when the observation point is located on an infinite-radius ring. Based on this approximation, our proof of TC conservation reveals that there exist other quantities that are also propagation-invariant, and the number of these invariants is theoretically infinite. Numerical simulation confirms the conservation of two such invariants for two light fields. The results of this work can find applications in optical data transmission to identify optical signals.

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“…Some of them are related with a direct measurement of the wavefront of the beam [12], and the interference with a double slit [13]. The relationship between OAM states and diffraction through triangular apertures has been studied and has become very popular among experimentalists [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the reciprocal lattice associated with a triangular slit to determine the orbital angular momentum for a photon

et al. 2020

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The orbital angular momentum conservation of light reveals different diffraction patterns univocally dependent on the topological charge of the incident light beam when passing through a triangular aperture. It is demonstrated that these patterns, which are accessed by observing the far-field measurement of the diffracted light, can also be obtained using few photon sources. In order to explain the observed patterns, we introduce an analogy of this optical phenomenon with the study of diffraction for the characterization of the crystal structure of solids. We demonstrate that the finite pattern can be associated with the reciprocal lattice obtained from the direct lattice generated by the primitive vectors composing any two of the sides of the equilateral triangular slit responsible for the diffraction. Using the relation that exists between the direct and reciprocal lattices, we provide a conclusive explanation as to why the diffraction pattern of the main maxima is finite. This can shed a new light on the investigation of crystallographic systems.

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Direct Measurement of the Topological Charge in Elliptical Beams Using Diffraction by a Triangular Aperture

Cited by 39 publications

References 41 publications

Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities

Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities

Topological Charge and Asymptotic Phase Invariants of Vortex Laser Beams

Probing the reciprocal lattice associated with a triangular slit to determine the orbital angular momentum for a photon

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