Direct measurement of the wavelength of sound waves in the human skull

McKnight, Carmen L.; Doman, Darrel A.; Brown, Jeremy; Bance, Manohar; Adamson, Robert

doi:10.1121/1.4768801

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These studies indicate a complex vibration pattern with plate waves (Tonndorf et al, 1981) or spherical shell waves (McKnight et al, 2013). However, those estimates are for the cranial vault whereas the petrous part of the temporal bone encapsulating the inner ear is situated in the skull base.…”

Section: Skull Bone Vibrationmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Consequently, the skull bone vibration is important to understand the motions of the cochlear boundary. Several studies have reported on the BC vibration of the cranial vault in dry skulls (Khalil et al, 1979;McKnight et al, 2013;Stenfelt et al, 2000) and in intact skulls (Dörheide et al, 1984;Håkansson et al, 1994;Håkansson et al, 1996;Stenfelt et al, 2005b;Tonndorf et al, 1981).…”

Section: Skull Bone Vibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inner ear contribution to bone conduction hearing in the human

Stenfelt

2015

Hearing Research

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Bone conduction (BC) hearing relies on sound vibration transmission in the skull bone.Several clinical findings indicate that in the human, the skull vibration of the inner ear dominates the response for BC sound. Two phenomena transform the vibrations of the skull surrounding the inner ear to an excitation of the basilar membrane, (1) inertia of the inner ear fluid and (2) compression and expansion of the inner ear space. The relative importance of these two contributors were investigated using an impedance lumped element model. By dividing the motion of the inner ear boundary in common and differential motion it was found that the common motion dominated at frequencies below 7 kHz but above this frequency differential motion was greatest. When these motions were used to excite the model it was found that for the normal ear, the fluid inertia response was up to 20 dB greater than the compression response. This changed in the pathological ear where, for example, otosclerosis of the stapes depressed the fluid inertia response and improved the compression response so that inner ear compression dominated BC hearing at frequencies above 400 Hz.The model was also able to predict experimental and clinical findings of BC sensitivity in the literature, for example the so called Carhart notch in otosclerosis, increased BC sensitivity in superior semicircular canal dehiscence, and altered BC sensitivity following a vestibular fenestration and RW atresia.

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Section: Skull Bone Vibrationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Skull Bone Vibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inner ear contribution to bone conduction hearing in the human

Stenfelt

2015

Hearing Research

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“…The wave motion used for these computations is a longitudinal wave with constant wave speed. Even if several studies have indicated the wave motion in the cranial vault to be complex with plate waves or spherical waves (McKnight et al, 2013;Tonndorf et al, 1981), wave motion in the skull base seem to be dominated by longitudinal waves with a wave speed of approximately 400 m/s (Eeg-Olofsson et al, 2008;Stenfelt et al, 2005a). Therefore, the wave motion for pathway 2 is a longitudinal wave with wave speed 400 m/s.…”

Section: Ear Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important aspect is the excitation of the BC sound itself. The vibration of the bone surrounding the ear is complex showing several modes of wave transmission with translational as well as rotational motion in all three dimension (EegOlofsson et al, 2013;McKnight et al, 2013;Stenfelt et al, 2005a;Stenfelt et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model predictions for bone conduction perception in the human

Stenfelt

2016

Hearing Research

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Five different pathways are often suggested as important for bone conducted (BC) sound: (1) sound pressure in the ear canal, (2) inertia of the middle ear ossicles, (3) inertia of the inner ear fluid, (4) compression of the inner ear space, and (5) pressure transmission from the skull interior. The relative importance of these pathways was investigated with an acousticimpedance model of the inner ear. The model incorporated data of BC generated ear canal sound pressure, middle ear ossicle motion, cochlear promontory vibration, and intracranial sound pressure. With BC stimulation at the mastoid, the inner ear inertia dominated the excitation of the cochlea but inner ear compression and middle ear inertia were within 10 dB for almost the entire frequency range of 0.1 to 10 kHz. Ear canal sound pressure gave little contribution at the low and high frequencies, but was around 15 dB below the total contribution at the mid frequencies. Intracranial sound pressure gave responses similar to the others at low frequencies, but decreased with frequency to a level of 55 dB below the total contribution at 10 kHz. When the BC inner ear model was evaluated against AC stimulation at threshold levels, the results were close up to approximately 4 kHz but deviated significantly at higher frequencies. 3 Highlights• A model for BC simulates the contribution from 5 components.• The inner ear compression and inertia and middle ear inertia are most important.• The contribution from intracranial sound pressure is insignificant at higher frequencies.• The model provides similar BM excitation for AC and BC threshold stimulation up to 4 kHz. KeywordsBone conduction, inner ear model, fluid inertia, inner ear compression, middle ear inertia

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“…The scaffold can give strength and mechanical properties similar to those of real tympanic membranes, while infills of biological materials (including growth factors as basic fibroblast growth factor bFGF) can encourage growth acceptance 3 . To study the mechanical properties of scaffolds, researchers used laser Doppler vibrometry (the laser directly measures the velocity of a single point near the umbo as opposed to some average motion of the entire tympanic membrane) and stroboscopic holography (quantifies mechanical oscillations) 4,5 . Another recent study was led by Lorenzo Moroni and the team from MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine at Maastricht University reported on 3D printed scaffolds with design features similar to the human tympanic membrane.…”

Section: New Trends In Tympanoplastymentioning

confidence: 99%