Direct Medical Cost of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Complications in Indonesia

Hidayat, Budi; Ramadani, Royasia Viki; Rudijanto, Achmad; Soewondo, Pradana; Suastika, Ketut; Ng, Jaryl

doi:10.1016/j.vhri.2021.04.006

Cited by 41 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Diabetes treatment is a costly health issue for which the Indonesian government is responsible. The total direct medical cost in Indonesia is US$ 576 million, with 56% spent on hospitalisation, 38% on specialist visits, 4% on unbundled non‐diabetes‐related medications and 2% on unbundled anti‐hyperglycaemic medications 9 . Patients with wound complications are handled improperly or by unqualified healthcare professionals and face severe complications, which can lead to longer treatment and result in higher medical costs 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total direct medical cost in Indonesia is US$ 576 million, with 56% spent on hospitalisation, 38% on specialist visits, 4% on unbundled non-diabetes-related medications and 2% on unbundled anti-hyperglycaemic medications. 9 Patients with wound complications are handled improperly or by unqualified healthcare professionals and face severe complications, which can lead to longer treatment and result in higher medical costs. 7,8 DFUs not only impose a heavy financial burden on patients and the healthcare system, but also significantly decrease quality of life (QOL), and increase morbidity and mortality.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of diabetic foot ulcer management by wound care specialists in Indonesia

Jais,

Oe,

Sanada

et al. 2024

Wound Repair Regeneration

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Diabetic foot ulcers affect quality of life and economically burden patients and the Indonesian healthcare system. The comparative cost‐effectiveness of wound care specialists in private practices (e.g., wound clinics) and wound care nurses in national hospitals remains unknown. Thus, we used a decision tree to compare the cost and healing rates for patients after 12 weeks of wound care. Uncertainty was addressed using one‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Among 89 participants (42 in the national hospital and 47 in the private practice), no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of sex, age, education level, smoking status, duration of diabetes, Wagner wound classification, glycated haemoglobin levels, neuropathy status, ankle‐brachial index, baseline characteristics, quality of life, DMIST (depth, maceration, inflammation/infection, size, tissue type of the wound bed, type of wound edge, and tunneling/undermining) score, and wound location (P > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed for days from first visit/assessment until complete healing, mean quality of life (P = < 0.001), and wound size (P = 0.047). Wound care specialists in private practices had a significantly lower cost of 2,804,423.3 Indonesian rupiah compared to 6,483,493.4 Indonesian rupiah for wound care nurses in national hospitals. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was ‐165,723.9. Therefore, wound care specialists in private practices are more cost‐effective for managing diabetic foot ulcers. Probability sensitivity analysis confirmed that 80–90% of the scenarios were cost‐effective. These findings may inform healthcare resource allocation in Indonesia. Additionally, evidence‐based cost‐effectiveness measures were strengthened in private practices and national hospitals.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of diabetic foot ulcer management by wound care specialists in Indonesia

Jais,

Oe,

Sanada

et al. 2024

Wound Repair Regeneration

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“…The high and rapidly increasing number of Type 2 diabetes cases aggregates the care burden and impacts the daily life of sufferers. Diabetes was the third leading cause of death in 2016, and about U.S. $576 million of the Indonesian health insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional) budget was spent treating this disease (Hidayat et al, 2022; Mboi et al, 2018), highlighting the importance of proper management to diabetes-related complication prevention and optimal health outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With Diabetes Self-Care Performance in Indonesians With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

SUKARNO,

HU,

CHIU

et al. 2024

Journal of Nursing Research

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Background In Indonesia, the number of Type 2 diabetes cases is increasing rapidly, making it the third leading cause of death and among the leading noncommunicable disease healthcare expenditures in the country. Thus, there is a critical need for Indonesians with Type 2 diabetes to perform better self-care to optimize their health and prevent the onset of comorbidities. Purpose This study was designed to investigate the influence of knowledge, depression, and perceived barriers on Type 2 diabetes self-care performance in Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 185 patients with Type 2 diabetes, with demographic, diabetes history, obesity status, diabetes knowledge, depression, perceived barriers, and self-care performance data collected. The Indonesian version of the Revised Diabetes Knowledge Test, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Perceived Barrier Questionnaire and Self-Care Inventory-Revised were used. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results Study participants were found to have moderate diabetes self-care performance scores. Annual eye checks, blood glucose self-monitoring, healthy diet selection, and regular exercise were the least common self-management techniques performed and were consistent with the perceived difficulties of the participants. Being illiterate or having an elementary school education (β = 4.59, p = .002), having a junior or senior high school education (β = 3.01, p = .006), having moderate depression (β = −0.92, p = .04), diabetes knowledge (β = 0.09, p = .006), and perceived barriers (β = 0.31, p < .001) were found to explain 40% of the variance in self-care performance. Educational level, depression, and perceived barriers were the strongest factors that impacted Type 2 diabetes self-care performance in this study. Conclusions/Implications for Practice Nurses should not only provide diabetes education but also identify barriers to diabetes self-care early, screen for the signs and symptoms of depression, and target patients with lower levels of education.

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“…While the burden of CKD is reasonably well defined in developed countries, 1 increasing evidence indicates that the CKD burden may be even greater in developing countries. 3 The 2014-2018 Indonesia National Health Insurance Statistics results show a substantial increase in the number of patients, the number of visits, the average number of visits per person/year and the cost of claims for dialysis procedures, 4 inherent with the increasing financial burden for CKD treatment, with an average claim value per patient in a year as much as Rp. 48,714,515 or equivalent to USD 3,365.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of chronic kidney disease among Indonesian adult population: Results from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research

et al. 2023

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Background: Three out of ten cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are cause by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, nutritional status, consumption of unhealthy foods, high blood pressure, and smoking habits were also previously identified as risk factors to CKD but there is a scarcity of data from Indonesia. Therefore, we sought to determine the risk factors using a predictive model for the incidence of CKD in Indonesia based on the Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018. Methods: Secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey with 300,000 respondents was used. Respondents with complete socio-demographic, food consumption data, anthropometric data and chronic disease status (i.e. T2DM and hypertension) type 2 were analyzed (n=96,098). Binary logistic regression model was performed to assess the association between socio-demographic, food group consumption, health and nutritional status with CKD. Results: Based on the final model of logistic regression analysis, ranging from the most and least factors that contribute to CKD were the presence of T2DM (p<0.000; OR=2.353), hypertension (p<0.000; OR=1.695); education level (p=0.028; OR=1.438), living area (p=0.025; OR=1.242); age (p<0.000; OR=0.979); and sugary drink consumption (p=0.050; OR=0.884). Conclusions: Prediction equation of CKD risk factor in Indonesia Adult included 6 factors that are present: diabetes, present hypertension, education, living area, age, and sugary drink consumption. This result can be used by the health professional to predict the risk of CKD among patients with present diabetes and/or hypertension.

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Direct Medical Cost of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Complications in Indonesia

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of diabetic foot ulcer management by wound care specialists in Indonesia

Evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of diabetic foot ulcer management by wound care specialists in Indonesia

Factors Associated With Diabetes Self-Care Performance in Indonesians With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Predictors of chronic kidney disease among Indonesian adult population: Results from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research

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