Direct Medical Costs for Partial Refractory Epilepsy in Mexico

García-Contreras, F; Constantino‐Casas, Patricia; Castro-Ríos, Angélica; Nevárez-Sida, Armando; Corrêa, G.; Rivera, Fernando Carlos; Guzmán-Caniupan, Jorge Antonio; Torres-Arreola, Laura del Pilar; Contreras-Hernández, I; Mould-Quevedo, J; Garduño-Espinosa, Juan

doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.07.005

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Epilepsy significantly reduces the quality of life for patients, family members, and caregivers. Several studies have documented the increased direct cost (including diagnosis, management, and treatment) of epilepsy using quality‐of‐life or model estimates, evaluation of the effect of pharmacologic treatment or management issues related to the care of patients with epilepsy, including the effect on caregivers and families, as well as the influence on economic and other costs (Begley & Beghi, 2002; Begley et al., 2002; Leonardi & Ustun, 2002; Argumosa & Herranz, 2004; Ekman & Forsgren, 2004; Beghi et al., 2005; Forsgren et al., 2005; Wilby et al., 2005; Garcia‐Contreras et al., 2006; Whiting et al., 2006; Camfield & Camfield, 2007; Duh et al., 2007; Jacoby & Austin, 2007; Komarek & Smidova, 2007; Langfitt et al., 2007; Mistry et al., 2007; Pugliatti et al., 2007; Wilson et al., 2007; De Boer et al., 2008; Jette et al., 2008; Strzelczyk et al., 2008; Vera‐Llonch et al., 2008; Beghi et al., 2009; Pena et al., 2009; van Andel et al., 2009). Using an average of different studies the range for the mean annual direct costs has been estimated to be $4,748 (adjusted to 2006 values) in a German epilepsy center.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The social and economic consequences of epilepsy: A controlled national study

2011

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Summary Purpose: Epilepsy causes a significant burden to patients and to society. We aimed to calculate the factual excess in direct and indirect costs associated with epilepsy. Methods: Using records from the Danish National Patient Registry (1998–2006), we identified 64,587 Danish patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy. Using a ratio of one patient record to four control subject records, we identified 258,345 age‐ and gender‐matched randomly chosen citizens from the Danish Civil Registration System Statistics. Direct costs included frequencies and costs of hospitalizations and weighted outpatient use, according to diagnosis‐related group, and specific outpatient costs based on data from the Danish Ministry of Health. The use and costs of drugs were based on data from the Danish Medicines Agency. The frequencies of visits and hospitalizations and costs from primary sectors were based on data from the National Health Security. Indirect costs included labor supply–based income data, and all social transfer payments obtained from the Coherent Social Statistics. Key findings: Patients with epilepsy had significantly higher rates of health‐related contacts and medication use and a higher socioeconomic cost, lower employment rates, and income compared with control subjects. These effects were identified up to 8 years before diagnosis, and worsened thereafter. The direct net annual health care and indirect costs were €14,575 for patients and €1,163 for controls, giving a consequent excess cost of €13,412. In addition, patients with epilepsy received an annual mean excess social transfer income of €4,194. Significance: Epilepsy has major socioeconomic consequences for the individual patient and for society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The social and economic consequences of epilepsy: A controlled national study

2011

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“…In 2005, Garcia-Contreras et al reported the annual health care cost per treated patient in Mexico to be US$2646 30. In the US, this number has been reported to be in the range of US$2600–9400 per person 46,47.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of the literature on epilepsy in selected countries in emerging markets

Angalakuditi¹,

Angalakuditi²

2011

NDT

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Aims:To perform a systematic literature review of studies in peer reviewed journals on the epidemiology, economics, and treatment patterns of epilepsy in selected countries in emerging markets.Methods:A literature search was performed using relevant search terms to identify articles published from 1999 to 2000 on the epidemiology, economics, and treatment patterns of epilepsy. Studies were identified through electronic Embase®, Cochrane©, MEDLINE®, and PubMed® databases. Manual review of bibliographies allowed for the detection of additional articles.Results:Our search yielded 65 articles. These articles contained information relevant to epidemiology (n = 16), treatment guidelines (n = 4), treatment patterns (n = 33), unmet needs (n = 4), and economics (n = 8). From a patient perspective, patients with less than or equal to two adverse events (AEs) while taking anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) had significantly lower annual costs than those having greater than or equal to three AEs, as did patients with fewer seizures. The overall mean annual cost for epilepsy per patient ranged from US$773 in China to US$2646 in Mexico. Prevalence data varied widely and were found for countries including Arab League Members, China, India, and Taiwan. In Turkey, active prevalence rates ranged from 0.08/1000 to 8.5/1000, and in Arab countries, active prevalence ranged from 0.9/1000 in Sudan to 6.5/1000 in Saudi Arabia. Seventeen different AEDs were used in the identified studies. The most common AEDs utilized were phenobarbital (21.7%), valproate (17.5%), and tiagabine (16.4%). In all studies, the use of AEDs resulted in an increase of patients who became seizure free and a reduction in seizure frequency and severity.Conclusion:Few studies have examined the prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in emerging markets and study limitations tend to underestimate these rates at all times. More cost-effectiveness, cost-minimization, and cost-benefit analyses must be performed to enhance the data on the economics of epilepsy and its therapy in regions with insufficient resources and those emerging markets which contain the majority of the world’s population. And finally, the study found that generic AEDs are frequently used to successfully treat patients with epilepsy in emerging markets.

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“…It is well known that the impact of epilepsy is multidimensional and extends far beyond the harm induced by seizures themselves. The unpredictability of seizures imposes severe lifestyle restrictions on patients with epilepsy, resulting in significant impairments in psychological, emotional, economical and/or social spheres (5,6). These negative impacts of epilepsy are increased in case of pharmacoresistant epilepsy (7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacoresistant epilepsy represents an important economical burden since patients require continuous medical assistance, diagnostic tests, AEDs, protective equipment and eventual hospitalizations (5,7,13,14). The cost of pharmacoresistant epilepsy in adults exceeded 2,817 USD per patient per year in the United States, whereas it was estimated at approximately 2,610 € in Germany (13,15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cost of pharmacoresistant epilepsy in adults exceeded 2,817 USD per patient per year in the United States, whereas it was estimated at approximately 2,610 € in Germany (13,15). In Mexico, the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) indicated that the annual cost per patient is $2,646 USD (5). Altogether, these data underscore the necessity of developing new therapeutic strategies to control pharmacoresistant epilepsy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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