Direct Medical Costs of Complications Resulting From Type 2 Diabetes in Hie U.S.

O’Brien, Judith A.; Shomphe, Lori A.; Kavanagh, Patricia L.; Raggio, Gabriel; Jaime, J.

doi:10.2337/diacare.21.7.1122

Cited by 139 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The management of diabetes alone renders considerable expenditure, however, macrovascular and microvascular complications are the major cause of healthcare costs [11,12,13,14]. Data from a United States study, indicate that renal and cardiovascular complications seem to be the most prevalent and were associated with particularly high costs [14].…”

Section: :S 13-s 17]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of complications on the costs of Type II diabetes

Williams

Gaal²,

Lucioni³

2002

Diabetologia

306

220

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aimslhypothesis. 'The Cost of Diabetes in EuropeType II (CODE-2) study' provides the first coordinated attempt to assess the total costs of managing people with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Europe. Type II diabetes is associated with a number of serious long-term complications, which are a major cause of morbidity, hospitalisation and mortality in diabetic patients. Methods. Patients were divided into four broad categories defining their complication status in terms of no complications, one or more microvascular complications, one or more macrovascular complications or one or more of each microvascular and macrovascular complication. The prevalence of complications and associated costs were assessed retrospectively for 6 months.Results. In total, 72% of patients in the CODE-2 study had at least one complication, with 19% having microvascular only, 10% having macrovascular only and 24% of the total having both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Of patients with microvascular complications, 28% had neuropathy, 20% renal damage, 20% retinopathy and 6.5% required treatment far eye complications. Among the patients with macrovascular complications, 18% had periphera1 vascular disease, 17% angina, 12% heart failure and 9% had myocardia1 infarction. Percutaneous trans1uminal coronary angiop1asty, coronary artery bypass graft or stroke occurred in 3%, 4% and 5% of the patients, respective1y. In patients with both microvascu1ar and macrovascular complications, the total cost of management was increased by up to 250% compared to those without complications. Conclusionlinterpretation. Complications have a substantial impact on the costs of managing Type II diabetes. This study has confirmed that the prevention of diabetic complications will not only benefit patients, but potentially reduce overall healthcare expenditure. [Diabetologia (2002) 45:S 13-S 17]

show abstract

Section: :S 13-s 17]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of complications on the costs of Type II diabetes

Williams

Gaal²,

Lucioni³

2002

Diabetologia

306

220

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For those who developed diabetes, the cost estimates for its management were based on previously developed cost profiles for each of the complication pathways considered in the diabetes submodel. 193,194 For each complication, the average direct cost of managing such an event from the acute phase until death was estimated. Costs included in these calculations included hospitalisation costs, home healthcare services, outpatient services, nursing home care, laboratory tests, drugs, emergency room visits and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.…”

Section: Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for type 2 diabetes: literature review and economic modelling

Waugh¹,

Scotland²,

McNamee³

et al. 2007

Health Technol Assess

243

194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-UK purchasers will have to pay a small fee for post and packing. For European countries the cost is £2 per monograph and for the rest of the world £3 per monograph.You can order HTA monographs from our Despatch Agents:-fax (with credit card or official purchase order) -post (with credit card or official purchase order or cheque) -phone during office hours (credit card only).Additionally the HTA website allows you either to pay securely by credit card or to print out your order and then post or fax it. NHS libraries can subscribe free of charge. Public libraries can subscribe at a very reduced cost of £100 for each volume (normally comprising 30-40 titles). The commercial subscription rate is £300 per volume. Please see our website for details. Subscriptions can only be purchased for the current or forthcoming volume. Contact details are as follows: Payment methods Paying by chequeIf you pay by cheque, the cheque must be in pounds sterling, made payable to Direct Mail Works Ltd and drawn on a bank with a UK address. Paying by credit cardThe following cards are accepted by phone, fax, post or via the website ordering pages: Delta, Eurocard, Mastercard, Solo, Switch and Visa. We advise against sending credit card details in a plain email. Paying by official purchase orderYou can post or fax these, but they must be from public bodies (i.e. NHS or universities) within the UK. We cannot at present accept purchase orders from commercial companies or from outside the UK. How do I get a copy of HTA on CD?Please use the form on the HTA website (www.hta.ac.uk/htacd.htm). Or contact Direct Mail Works (see contact details above) by email, post, fax or phone. HTA on CD is currently free of charge worldwide.The website also provides information about the HTA Programme and lists the membership of the various committees. HTA NIHR Health Technology Assessment ProgrammeT he Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme, now part of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), was set up in 1993. It produces high-quality research information on the costs, effectiveness and broader impact of health technologies for those who use, manage and provide care in the NHS. 'Health technologies' are broadly defined to include all interventions used to promote health, prevent and treat disease, and improve rehabilitation and long-term care, rather than settings of care. The research findings from the HTA Programme directly influence decision-making bodies such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the National Screening Committee (NSC). HTA findings also help to improve the quality of clinical practice in the NHS indirectly in that they form a key component of the 'National Knowledge Service'. The HTA Programme is needs-led in that it fills gaps in the evidence needed by the NHS. There are three routes to the start of projects. First is the commissioned route. Suggestions for research are actively sought from people working in the NHS, the public and consumer groups and professional bodies such as r...

show abstract

“…Many studies have described the economic impact diabetes has on the health system and society (3)(4)(5)(6) and have compared the health care utilization of patients with and without diabetes (7)(8)(9)(10). Only a few studies have assessed the relationship between patient characteristics, complications, and costs using patientlevel data (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) and most have examined the relationship for aggregated end points (12,13,15,16). The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between direct medical costs and individual demographic characteristics, treatments, glycemic control, complications, cardiovascular risk factors, and comorbidities in patients with type 2 diabetes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Direct Medical Cost of Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE -To describe the direct medical costs associated with type 2 diabetes, as well as its treatments, complications, and comorbidities.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -We studied a random sample of 1,364 subjects with type 2 diabetes who were members of a Michigan health maintenance organization. Demographic characteristics, duration of diabetes, diabetes treatments, glycemic control, complications, and comorbidities were assessed by surveys and medical chart reviews. Annual resource utilization and costs were assessed using health insurance claims. The log-transformed annual direct medical costs were fitted by multiple linear regression to indicator variables for demographics, treatments, glycemic control, complications, and comorbidities.RESULTS -The median annual direct medical costs for subjects with diet-controlled type 2 diabetes, BMI 30 kg/m 2 , and no microvascular, neuropathic, or cardiovascular complications were $1,700 for white men and $2,100 for white women. A 10-kg/m 2 increase in BMI, treatment with oral antidiabetic or antihypertensive agents, diabetic kidney disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease were each associated with 10 -30% increases in cost. Insulin treatment, angina, and MI were each associated with 60 -90% increases in cost. Dialysis was associated with an 11-fold increase in cost. T he worldwide prevalence of diabetes is increasing (1), as is the demand for and cost of medical care (2). Many studies have described the economic impact diabetes has on the health system and society (3-6) and have compared the health care utilization of patients with and without diabetes (7-10). Only a few studies have assessed the relationship between patient characteristics, complications, and costs using patientlevel data (11-16) and most have examined the relationship for aggregated end points (12,13,15,16). The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between direct medical costs and individual demographic characteristics, treatments, glycemic control, complications, cardiovascular risk factors, and comorbidities in patients with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONSPrevious models have assigned costs to specific diabetes-related health states (17)(18)(19)(20). This approach is most appropriate for acute health states where interactions with other conditions are absent or clearly identifiable and of limited duration (21). A complex chronic disease like diabetes impacts many other apparently unrelated health problems and the resources used in their treatment. Therefore, it is important to extend the scope of a cost model beyond the direct complications of diabetes to include total direct medical costs. Only in this way can the true economic burden of diabetes be assessed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -The study was reviewed and approved by the University of Michigan Institutional Review Board. All subjects were enrolled in commercial, Medicare, or Medicaid managed care programs offered by a large Michigan health maintenance organization (HMO). Subjects thus represented ...

show abstract

Direct Medical Costs of Complications Resulting From Type 2 Diabetes in Hie U.S.

Cited by 139 publications

References 22 publications

Assessing the impact of complications on the costs of Type II diabetes

Assessing the impact of complications on the costs of Type II diabetes

Screening for type 2 diabetes: literature review and economic modelling

The Direct Medical Cost of Type 2 Diabetes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About