Direct Modulation Characteristics of Composite Resonator Vertical-Cavity Lasers

Grasso, D.M.; Serkland, Darwin K.; Peake, Gregory M.; Geib, K.M.; Choquette, Kent D.

doi:10.1109/jqe.2006.883499

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The modulation bandwidth of a laser is mainly determined by the relaxation oscillation frequency of the laser, beyond which the modulation response decreases rapidly. The modulation response of VCSELs has received a lot of attention [20]- [30], but few studies have focused on the impact of polarization instabilities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization Dynamics of Current-Modulated Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Masoller

Torre

Shore

2007

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Abstract-We study the dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with direct current modulation in the framework of a model for index-guided VCSELs that takes into account two orthogonal linear polarizations. We analyze the effect of current modulation near the polarization switching (PS) of type I, from the high to the low frequency polarization, and near the PS of type II, from the low to the high frequency polarization. We find that the oscillations of the total power are as those of a single-mode laser, unaffected by the underlaying polarization coexistence or polarization competition. We also study the small-signal modulation response in the Fourier domain, for modulation dc values near the PS point. Close to type I PS the response of the total power as well as the response of the orthogonal polarizations has the same functional dependency on the modulation frequency, and can be fitted by the response function of a single-mode laser. Close to type II PS, polarization competition is a significant process at low modulation frequencies. The polarization-resolved modulation response displays features at low frequencies that are not present in the response of the total power, which is as that of a single-mode laser. The dynamics becomes increasingly complex as the modulation amplitude grows, and there is multistability of solutions.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization Dynamics of Current-Modulated Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Masoller

Torre

Shore

2007

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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“…We design it in a pnp configuration to reduce series resistance of distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). 3,[17][18][19] The DBR is designed for 850 nm wavelength and consist of 15 pairs of Al 0.2 Ga 0.8 As / Al 0.9 Ga 0.1 As quarter-wavelength layers. We assume doping levels of: 8.5 × 10 17 cm −3 for p, carbon and for n, silicon doping, 1.6 × 10 18 cm −3 for n + and p + and 4 × 10 18 cm −3 for p ++ doping.…”

Section: Eom Cc-vcsel Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, one of the cavities can be used as a modulator via the electro-optic (EO) effect (electro-refraction (ER) or electro-absorption (EA)), whilst the other provides the gain necessary for laser action. 3,4,[16][17][18][19][20] EA modulation has been used in the CC-VCSEL. 18 Although in this concept the laser cavity is not directly modulated, absorption changes in the passive cavity would influence the photon density and therefore would restrict the modulation bandwidth to the relaxation oscillation limit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-optically modulated coupled-cavity VCSELs: electrical design optimization for high-speed operation

2012

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Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers, due to their properties, are one of the best choices for optical communication purposes. Although direct modulated VCSELs have reached error free operation at speed of 40 Gbit/s, however, their cut-off frequency is limited by the relaxation oscillation phenomenon and is not likely to be further increased. Recently, it has been suggested that properly designed Coupled Cavity VCSEL with one cavity used as a reverse-biased Electro-Optic Modulator, can be only limited by the 3 dB electrical bandwidth cut-off frequency. Therefore, it is important to develop a high-speed electrical design for such VCSELs. In this paper we first present an analysis of an electrical equivalent circuit of EOM CC-VCSEL with lumped electrodes. We base our design on record high-speed structures reported in the literature. We optimize our structure with respect to modulator cavity length, number of top and middle distributed Bragg reflectors, doping levels of layers, radii of both mesas and non-ion implantation region in the DBR as well as the contact pad area. We show that the most influencing parameters are the mesa capacitance, series resistance and polyimide capacitance. The 3 dB bandwidth is enhanced by reducing the contact pad area and modulator cavity diameter, together with increasing the modulator cavity length. Faster operation is provided by pnp structure, instead of npn -one. A realistic structure design that is theoretically able to work with a 90 GHz modulation speed is suggested. Finally we also discuss the possibility of using a design concept of a EOM CC-VCSEL based on traveling wave electrode configuration.

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“…Compared with the edge-emitting lasers, the VCSEL is with much less fabrication cost and higher fiber coupling performance. Since VCSEL's circular beam is in good agreement with the fiber's shape, the light from VCSEL emitting from the transceiver module can be coupled into the fiber ends efficiently [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modal Characteristics of Coupled Resonator Vertical Cavity Laser Diode

Xu¹,

Cheng²,

Huang³

2016

Advances in Optoelectronic Materials

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Current local area network (LAN) bandwidth demands of > 1 Gb/s are pushing the limit of the bandwidth distance product of multimode fiber. In order to overcome these limitations, a low-cost, compact wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) scheme is demonstrated. Aggregation bit rate of 5 Gb/s are achieved through 100 m of 62.5/125-µ m multimode fiber which are used at 820, 840, 860, 880 nm with each operating at a bit rate of 5 Gb/s. This technology provides a practical solution for reaching bit rates up to 10 Gb/s in the LAN. The possible angular misalignment effects in fiber-optic coupling and alignment process is also identified and evaluated for the development of low-cost fiber-optic component manufacturing technologies. It is further demonstrated the design and implementation of a novel multiple-wavelength optical data link for low-cost multi-mode wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) local-area network applications.

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Direct Modulation Characteristics of Composite Resonator Vertical-Cavity Lasers

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Polarization Dynamics of Current-Modulated Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Polarization Dynamics of Current-Modulated Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Electro-optically modulated coupled-cavity VCSELs: electrical design optimization for high-speed operation

Modal Characteristics of Coupled Resonator Vertical Cavity Laser Diode

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