Weak
hydrogen bonds are increasingly hypothesized to play key roles in
a wide range of chemistry from catalysis to gelation to polymer structure.
Here, 15N/13C spin-echo magic-angle spinning
(MAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments are
applied to “view” intermolecular CH···N
hydrogen bonding in two selectively labeled organic compounds, 4-[15N] cyano-4′-[13C2] ethynylbiphenyl
(1) and [15N3,13C6]-2,4,6-triethynyl-1,3,5-triazine (2). The synthesis
of 2-
15
N
3
,
13
C
6
is reported here for the first time via a multistep
procedure, where the key element is the reaction of [15N3]-2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (5) with
[13C2]-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]zinc chloride
(8) to afford its immediate precursor [15N3,13C6]-2,4,6-tris[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]-1,3,5-triazine
(9). Experimentally determined hydrogen-bond-mediated 2h
J
CN couplings (4.7 ± 0.4
Hz (1) and 4.1 ± 0.3 Hz (2)) are compared
with density functional theory (DFT) gauge-including projector augmented
wave (GIPAW) calculations, whereby species-independent coupling values 2h
K
CN (29.0 × 1019 kg m–2 s–2 A–2 (1) and 27.9 × 1019 kg m–2 s–2 A–2 (2)) quantitatively
demonstrate the J couplings for these “weak”
CH···N hydrogen bonds to be of a similar magnitude
to those for conventionally observed NH···O hydrogen-bonding
interactions in uracil (2h
K
NO: 28.1 and 36.8 × 1019 kg m–2 s–2 A–2). Moreover, the GIPAW calculations
show a clear correlation between increasing 2h
J
CN (and 3h
J
CN)
coupling and reducing C(H)···N and H···N
hydrogen-bonding distances, with the Fermi contact term accounting
for at least 98% of the isotropic 2h
J
CN coupling.