Direct observations of solar plasma fluxes at distances in the order of 1,900,000 km from the earth, 17 february 1961, and simultaneous observations of the geomagnetic field

Gringauz, K. I.; Безруких, В. В.; Balandina, S. M.; Ozerov, V. D.; Rybchinskiy, R.E.

doi:10.1016/0032-0633(64)90070-4

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The existence of a supersonic outflow, with a flux density of a few times 10 8 cm −2 s −1 , was confirmed by the measurements of the Luna 2 and Explorer (1961) spacecraft (Gringauz et al 1960(Gringauz et al , 1961Bonetti et al 1963).…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 76%

Solar Weather Event Modelling and Prediction

et al. 2009

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Key drivers of solar weather and mid-term solar weather are reviewed by considering a selection of relevant physics-and statistics-based scientific models as well as a selection of related prediction models, in order to provide an updated operational scenario for space weather applications. The characteristics and outcomes of the considered scientific and prediction models indicate that they only partially cope with the complex nature of solar activity for the lack of a detailed knowledge of the underlying physics. This is indicated by the fact that, on one hand, scientific models based on chaos theory and non-linear dynamics reproduce better the observed features, and, on the other hand, that prediction models based on statistics and artificial neural networks perform better. To date, the solar weather prediction success at most time and spatial scales is far from being satisfactory, but the forthcoming ground-and space-based high-resolution observations can add fundamental tiles to the modelling and predicting frameworks as well as the application of advanced mathematical approaches in the analysis of diachronic solar observations, that are a must to provide comprehensive and homogeneous data sets.

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Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 76%

Solar Weather Event Modelling and Prediction

et al. 2009

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“…Most of Parker's theoretical predictions were confirmed by the first interplanetary probes, like the Soviet Lunik 2, launched in September 1959, which measured a stream of high-speed ions from the Sun (Gringauz et al, 1964), and the US spacecraft Mariner 2 which also revealed the existence of a two-velocity regime of the solar wind (a slow wind of a velocity of around 350 km/s, and a fast wind of around 750 km/s), as well as the sector structure of the interplanetary magnetic field (Neugebauer and Snyder, 1966). The existence of two kinds of solar wind flow was also revealed by the Helios 1 and 2 spacecraft, launched in 1974 and 1976, respectively (Rosenbauer et al, 1977).…”

Section: The Coronamentioning

confidence: 68%

Recent Progress and Future Prospects in Solar Physics, and Their Relevance for Planet Earth

Bonnet

Pauluhn

2004

Surv Geophys

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Understanding our star, the Sun, is of fundamental interest for life on Earth. In this paper, the status of knowledge in solar physics of roughly two decades ago is summarised, and the most recent developments in this very active field are shown, many of them achieved by means of space based missions. The Sun-Earth connection is described and, finally, an outlook on future solar research is given.

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“…(1960) analyzed the results of the Lunik-2 spacecraft and determined an interplanetary corpuscular particle flux of about ions/cm/s: “Starting from 9.30 hours Moscow time on 13 September 1959 up to the moment of the container of the second space rocket reaching the moon the container was recorded as passing through a positive ion flux (in all probability protons) with energies exceeding 15 eV; ions/cm/s.” In a May 1962 presentation in Washington, Gringauz et al. (1964) used observations of the first deep space probe (Venera-1) to estimate the speed of the solar corpuscular radiation to be about 400 km/s. In addition, measurements by Bonetti et al.…”

Section: Early Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended MHD modeling of the steady solar corona and the solar wind

Gombosi

Holst

Manchester

et al. 2018

Living Rev Sol Phys

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The history and present state of large-scale magnetohydrodynamic modeling of the solar corona and the solar wind with steady or quasi-steady coronal physics is reviewed. We put the evolution of ideas leading to the recognition of the existence of an expanding solar atmosphere into historical context. The development and main features of the first generation of global corona and solar wind models are described in detail. This historical perspective is also applied to the present suite of global corona and solar wind models. We discuss the evolution of new ideas and their implementation into numerical simulation codes. We point out the scientific and computational challenges facing these models and discuss the ways various groups tried to overcome these challenges. Next, we discuss the latest, state-of-the art models and point to the expected next steps in modeling the corona and the interplanetary medium.

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Direct observations of solar plasma fluxes at distances in the order of 1,900,000 km from the earth, 17 february 1961, and simultaneous observations of the geomagnetic field

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Solar Weather Event Modelling and Prediction

Solar Weather Event Modelling and Prediction

Recent Progress and Future Prospects in Solar Physics, and Their Relevance for Planet Earth

Extended MHD modeling of the steady solar corona and the solar wind

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