Direct Participation in and Indirect Exposure to the Occupy Central Movement and Depressive Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study of Hong Kong Adults

Ni, Michael Y.; Li, Tom K.; Pang, Herbert; Chan, Brandford H. Y.; Yuan, Betty Y.; Kawachi, Ichiro; Schooling, CM; Leung, Gabriel M.

doi:10.1093/aje/kww103

Cited by 25 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Thirteen studies used random samples, some drawn from the general population (Hou et al, 2015;Lau et al, 2016Lau et al, , 2017Ni et al, 2016Ni et al, , 2017, others by sex (Kubicka et al, 1995(Kubicka et al, , 1998, from health facilities (Bamrah et al, 2013), schools (Castillo-Carniglia et al, 2017), or affected communities (Greenley et al, 1975;Hanson et al, 1995;Obilom and Thacher, 2008;Sasao and Chun, 1994). Sample sizes ranged from 5 to 37,319 (median 343).…”

Section: Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sample sizes ranged from 5 to 37,319 (median 343). The majority of studies (n = 36) were conducted after the collective action, while seven started before the collective action (Brown et al, 1994;Fraser, 1971;Garbarino et al, 2012;Klee and Gorwitz, 1970;Kubicka et al, 1995Kubicka et al, , 1998Lyons, 1972), and six studies included assessments before, during and after the collective action (Castillo-Carniglia et al, 2017;Fishbain et al, 1991;Greenley et al, 1975;Ni et al, 2016Ni et al, , 2017Yimgang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prevalence. Five studies (Hou et al, 2015;Lau et al, 2016Lau et al, , 2017Ni et al, 2016Ni et al, , 2017 used probability samples in the general population to assess the prevalence of depression following a collective action. However, all of these studies focused on Hong Kong's 2014 Occupy Central/Umbrella Movement.…”

Section: Depressive Sequelaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using pre-event data from a population-representative cohort, the prevalence of probable major depression was 1.5% before the Occupy Central/Umbrella Movement. Following the Movement, the prevalence increased to 6.7% (first month), 6.3% (second month), 6.8% (third month) and 8.5% (sixth month) (Ni et al, 2016) (Table 3). Based on the same cohort, four depression trajectories were identified before, during and 1 year after the Occupy Central/Umbrella Movement: 'resistant' (22.6% of sample), 'resilient' (37.0%), 'mild depressive symptoms' (32.5%) and 'persistent moderate depression' (8.0%) (Ni et al, 2017).…”

Section: Depressive Sequelaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Living in riot-affected areas was also associated with depression risk (Coudreaut et al, 1995;Fraser, 1971;Tan and Simons, 1973;Yimgang et al, 2017). By contrast, participation in nonviolent collective actions was not associated with depressive sequelae (Lau et al, 2017;Ni et al, 2016). Case series have identified other risk factors for depression following collective actions, including media coverage, unemployment and poor social cohesion (Brown et al, 1994;Coudreaut et al, 1995;Tan and Simons, 1973).…”

Section: Depressive Sequelaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental health during and after protests, riots and revolutions: A systematic review

Kim

McDowell

et al. 2020

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

104

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Objectives: Protests, riots and revolutions have long been a part of human history and are increasing globally, yet their impact on mental health remains largely unknown. We therefore systematically reviewed studies on collective actions and mental health. Method: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and CINAHL Plus for published studies from their inception until 1 January 2018. Study quality was rated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: We identified 52 studies ( n = 57,487 participants) from 20 countries/regions. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder ranged from 4% to 41% in riot-affected areas. Following a major protest, the prevalence of probable major depression increased by 7%, regardless of personal involvement in the protests, suggestive of community spillover effects. Risk factors for poorer mental health included female sex, lower socioeconomic status, exposure to violence, interpersonal conflicts, frequent social media use and lower resilience and social support. Nevertheless, two studies suggested that collective actions may reduce depression and suicide, possibly due to a collective cathartic experience and greater social cohesion within subpopulations. Conclusion: We present the first systematic review of collective actions and mental health, showing compelling evidence that protests even when nonviolent can be associated with adverse mental health outcomes. Health care professionals therefore need to be vigilant to the mental and psychological sequelae of protests, riots and revolutions. Further research on this emerging sociopolitical determinant of mental health is warranted.

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Section: Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Depressive Sequelaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Depressive Sequelaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Depressive Sequelaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental health during and after protests, riots and revolutions: A systematic review

Kim

McDowell

et al. 2020

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

104

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COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness and Reasons for Vaccine Refusal

Lun,

Ning,

Wang

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

Self Cite

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ImportanceHong Kong was held as an exemplar for pandemic response until it recorded the world’s highest daily COVID-19 mortality, which was likely due to vaccine refusal. To prevent this high mortality in future pandemics, information on underlying reasons for vaccine refusal is necessary.ObjectivesTo track the evolution of COVID-19 vaccination willingness and uptake from before vaccine rollout to mass vaccination, to examine factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine refusal and compare with data from Singapore, and to assess the population attributable fraction for vaccine refusal.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from randomly sampled participants from 14 waves of population-based studies in Hong Kong (February 2020 to May 2022) and 2 waves of population-based studies in Singapore (May 2020 to June 2021 and October 2021 to January 2022), and a population-wide registry of COVID-19 vaccination appointments. Data were analyzed from February 23, 2021, to May 30, 2022.ExposuresTrust in COVID-19 vaccine information sources (ie, health authorities, physicians, traditional media, and social media); COVID-19 vaccine confidence on effectiveness, safety, and importance; COVID-19 vaccine misconceptions on safety and high-risk groups; political views; and COVID-19 policies (ie, workplace vaccine mandates and vaccine pass).Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were the weighted prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination willingness over the pandemic, adjusted incidence rate ratios, and population attributable fractions of COVID-19 vaccine refusal. A secondary outcome was change in daily COVID-19 vaccination appointments.ResultsThe study included 28 007 interviews from 20 waves of longitudinal data, with 1114 participants in the most recent wave (median [range] age, 54.2 years [20-92] years; 571 [51.3%] female). Four factors—mistrust in health authorities, low vaccine confidence, vaccine misconceptions, and political views—could jointly account for 82.2% (95% CI, 62.3%-100.0%) of vaccine refusal in adults aged 18 to 59 years and 69.3% (95% CI, 47.2%-91.4%) of vaccine refusal in adults aged 60 years and older. Workplace vaccine mandates were associated with 62.2% (95% CI, 9.9%-139.2%) increases in daily COVID-19 vaccination appointments, and the Hong Kong vaccine pass was associated with 124.8% (95% CI, 65.9%-204.6%) increases in daily COVID-19 vaccination appointments.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that trust in health authorities was fundamental to overcoming vaccine hesitancy. As such, engendering trust in health care professionals, experts, and public health agencies should be incorporated into pandemic preparedness and response.

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School collective occupation movements and substance use among adolescents: A school-level panel design

Castillo‐Carniglia

Kaufman

Pizarro³

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Direct Participation in and Indirect Exposure to the Occupy Central Movement and Depressive Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study of Hong Kong Adults

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Mental health during and after protests, riots and revolutions: A systematic review

Mental health during and after protests, riots and revolutions: A systematic review

COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness and Reasons for Vaccine Refusal

School collective occupation movements and substance use among adolescents: A school-level panel design

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