Direct Perception Interface for Ship-Ship Collision Avoidance

Li, Qiao; Pedersen, Eilif; Okazaki, Tadatsugi; Fukuto, Junji; Tanaka, Kunihiko

doi:10.1109/icsmc.2006.384487

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Navigators make use of these parameters in order to assess collision risk in on-board navigation. These are also used in navigational studies of different aspects, such as development and evaluation of navigational support systems (Sato and Ishii, 1998;Pedersen et al, 2003;Liu, Pedersen et al, 2006), traffic density analysis (Merrick et al, 2003) and ship domain analysis (Zhu et al, 2001;Szlapczynski, 2006). Being used in navigation and navigational studies, the proximal indicators have general acceptability to navigators and researchers.…”

Section: Development Of Navigational Traffic Conflict Measurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of researchers (Darbra and Casal, 2004;Liu, Liang et al, 2006;Liu, Pedersen et al, 2006;Yip, 2008) reported that collisions account for a substantial portion of major shipping accidents in port waters. Furthermore, growth of shipping traffic over the past decades (Soares and Teixeira, 2001) is likely to result in increased traffic movements within port waters, which in turn could increase collision risk in such waters (Chin and Debnath, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Navigational Traffic Conflict Technique: A Proactive Approach to Quantitative Measurement of Collision Risks in Port Waters

Debnath

Chin

2009

J. Navigation

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Navigational safety analysis relying on collision statistics is often hampered because of low number of observations. A promising alternative approach that overcomes this problem is proposed in this paper. By analyzing critical vessel interactions this approach proactively measures collision risk in port waters. The proposed method is illustrated for quantitative measurement of collision risks in Singapore port fairways, and validated by examining correlations between the measured risks with those perceived by pilots. This method is an ethically appealing alternative to the collisionbased analysis for fast, reliable and effective safety assessment, thus possesses great potential for managing collision risks in port waters.

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Section: Development Of Navigational Traffic Conflict Measurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigational Traffic Conflict Technique: A Proactive Approach to Quantitative Measurement of Collision Risks in Port Waters

Debnath

Chin

2009

J. Navigation

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“…where α is average intercept across all observations and all clusters; j u is unobserved random effects of pilot j assumed to follow normal distribution with mean zero and variance where the threshold values 1 τ , 2 τ , 3 τ , and 4 τ are unknown parameters to be estimated.…”

Section: Model Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Modeling of Perceived Collision Risks in Port Fairways

Debnath

Chin

2009

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Navigational collisions are one of the major safety concerns in many seaports. Despite the extent of recent works done on port navigational safety research, little is known about harbor pilot's perception of collision risks in port fairways. This paper uses a hierarchical ordered probit model to investigate associations between perceived risks and the geometric and traffic characteristics of fairways and the pilot attributes. Perceived risk data, collected through a risk perception survey conducted among the Singapore port pilots, are used to calibrate the model. Intra-class correlation coefficient justifies use of the hierarchical model in comparison with an ordinary model. Results show higher perceived risks in fairways attached to anchorages, and in those featuring sharper bends and higher traffic operating speeds. Lesser risks are perceived in fairways attached to shoreline and confined waters, and in those with one-way traffic, traffic separation scheme, cardinal marks and isolated danger marks. Risk is also found to be perceived higher in night.Keywords: Navigational collision risk, Risk perception, Fairway, Harbor pilot, Hierarchical regression. Please cite this article as: INTRODUCTIONNavigational collisions are one of the major safety concerns in many seaports. Navigational collisions account for a substantial portion of major shipping accidents in port waters, as reported by a number of researchers (e.g., 1-5). Furthermore, the increasing growth of world fleet (see, 6) is likely to result in increased traffic movements within busy seaports, which in turn could increase collision likelihood in these congested and restricted waters (5, 7).To address this safety concern some recent studies have focused on port navigational safety issues from different aspects; such as analyses of trends and causes of accidents (2,4,5,8); analyses of injuries and fatalities in port water accidents (1, 2); analyses of involved parties in port water conflicts (7); and modeling accident probabilities (9). These studies analyzed port water incidents to address the general safety issues in port navigation. To address the behavioral issues in port navigational safety, some studies focused on pilot fatigue (10-12); sleep and watchkeeping (13); mental workload (14); and the pilot's operational relationships and communications with ship crews (15, 16). Despite the extent of works done, little is known about other behavioral issues, particularly on pilot's perception of collision risks.Studying pilot's perception of collision risks is important because risk perception is considered as a precursor of an individual's actual behavior (see 17). Cohn et. al. (18) indicated that risk perception is negatively related to risk behavior in general, i.e., a lower level of perceived risk is associated with a higher probability that a pilot would be involved in such risk. Thus, by examining their perception of risk, the pilot's behavioral characteristics can be understood.This paper aims at examining the relationships between perceived...

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“…However, navigational collisions account for a substantial portion of the major types of shipping incidents in port waters. Many studies (Goossens and Glansdorp, 1998;Akten, 2004;Darbra and Casal, 2004;Liu, Liang et al, 2006;Liu, Pedersen et al, 2006;Yip, 2008) have reported that collisions are over-represented in port water incidents. Collisions are also identified as one of the most severe types of incidents (IMO, 1998), thus making them a major safety concern for many seaports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Port Water Collision Risk Using Traffic Conflicts

2011

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Navigational collisions are one of the major safety concerns for many seaports. Despite the extent of work recently done on collision risk analysis in port waters, little is known about the influencing factors of the risk. This paper develops a technique for modeling collision risks in port waterways in order to examine the associations between the risks and the geometric, traffic, and regulatory control characteristics of waterways. A binomial logistic model, which accounts for the correlations in the risks of a particular fairway at different time periods, is derived from traffic conflicts and calibrated for the Singapore port fairways. Estimation results show that the fairways attached to shoreline, traffic intersection and international fairway attribute higher risks, whereas those attached to confined water and local fairway possess lower risks. Higher risks are also found in the fairways featuring higher degree of bend, lower depth of water, higher numbers of cardinal and isolated danger marks, higher density of moving ships and lower operating speed. The risks are also found to be higher for night-time conditions. INTRODUCTION.Maintaining smooth and collision-free traffic movements in port fairways is one of the top-priority concerns in many seaports. However, navigational collisions account for a substantial portion of the major types of shipping incidents in port waters. Many studies (Goossens and Glansdorp, 1998;Akten, 2004;Darbra and Casal, 2004;Liu, Liang et al., 2006;Liu, Pedersen et al., 2006;Yip, 2008) have reported that collisions are over-represented in port water incidents. Collisions are also identified as one of the most severe types of incidents (IMO, 1998), thus making them a major safety concern for many seaports.Risk of collisions in port waters is likely to increase with the gradual increase of shipping traffic in numbers and sizes over the past decades. The world fleet is increasing in number (see Soares and Teixeira, 2001) which may result in increased traffic movements within port waters, consequently increasing the risk of collision. The number of traffic movements on a busy fairway in port waters can be as high as 2000 per day (Yip, 2008) and the number is expected to increase with the continuing growth of traffic. Such a high number of movements may result in more collisions and near-misses. More importantly, navigational traffic is increasing in size (Faulkner, 2003) resulting in a higher number of large ships in port waters. The larger ships have reduced maneuverability and thus face a consequent increase in the risk of collision (Akten, 2004), especially in the port waters where navigation room is restricted by land obstacles.To address this safety concern, some recent studies have focused on examining trends and causes of collisions (Goossens and Glansdorp, 1998;Akten, 2004;Darbra and Casal, 2004;Liu, Liang et al., 2006), whereas some (Darbra and Casal, 2004;Yip, 2008) have addressed the issues related to consequences of collisions (i.e., injuries and fatalities). Desp...

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Direct Perception Interface for Ship-Ship Collision Avoidance

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Navigational Traffic Conflict Technique: A Proactive Approach to Quantitative Measurement of Collision Risks in Port Waters

Navigational Traffic Conflict Technique: A Proactive Approach to Quantitative Measurement of Collision Risks in Port Waters

Hierarchical Modeling of Perceived Collision Risks in Port Fairways

Modelling Port Water Collision Risk Using Traffic Conflicts

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