Direct Pre-lithiation of Electropolymerized Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Cycling Performance of Flexible Li-Ion Micro-Batteries

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are used as anodes for flexible Li-ion micro-batteries. However, one of the major challenges in the growth of flexible micro-batteries with CNT as the anode is their immense capacity loss and a very low initial coulombic efficiency. In this study, we report the use of a facile direct pre-lithiation to suppress high irreversible capacity of the CNT electrodes in the first cycles. Pre-lithiated polymer-coated CNT anodes displayed good rate capabilities, studied up to 30 C and delivered high capacities of 850 mAh g−1 (313 μAh cm−2) at 1 C rate over 50 charge-discharge cycles.

High Electrochemical Performance Silicon Thin-Film Free-Standing Electrodes Based on Buckypaper for Flexible Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…As shown in Figure 5 , the electrodes were characterized through XRD and Raman spectroscopy to analyze the changes in their crystalline qualities (perfection) as a result of the heat treatment. In the XRD results ( Figure 5 a), a broad substrate of ((002), (100), (101)) was observed in all electrodes [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. All diffraction peaks were observed only of the CNTs owing to the heating time of 1 h and did not disrupt the structural properties of the buckypaper and amorphous Si, consistent with the reported data.…”

“…This large capacity loss was attributed to the large active surface area of the CNT, which increased the amount of Li involved in the formation of the SEI [ 21 ]. Additionally, the CNTs demonstrated a greater loss of Li ions because Li+ was irreversibly intercalated within the inner core of the nanotubes, further worsening the irreversible capacity loss [ 21 , 26 , 53 ]. The HBP had a relatively high Coulombic efficiency in the first cycle compared with the UBP owing to the reduced amount of lithium-ion residue due to the formation of a denser structure and improved bonding between the MWCNTs, as shown in the SEM images.…”

All-Solid-State Lithium Ion Batteries Using Self-Organized TiO2 Nanotubes Grown from Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

“…Meanwhile, the hydrogen evolution takes place to form hydrogen ions and electrons at the Pt counter electrode surfaces [35]. The chemical reactions involved during this process are represented in the following Equations (1)- (5): As reported in the literature [33,34], the growth reactions of the TiO 2 NTs involve the field-assisted oxidation reaction of metal, field-assisted dissolution, and the chemical dissolution of the anodic layers. In this work, once a high potential of 60 V is applied to Ti alloys, an oxidation reaction occurs at the metal/metal oxide interface to generate Ti 4+ .…”

“…Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted great interest as excellent reversible energy storage devices due to their high energy density, low self-discharge, long cycle life, and several other benefits [1,2]. To gain the advanced storage performance, so far, most research has focused on innovative electrode materials, such as nanomaterials electrodes, which play a crucial role in recent technologies to reach high-performance devices [3][4][5]. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has been considered as a good candidate as an anode material for LIBs due to its superior performances such as a low volume change of less than 4% during the reversible insertion of lithium ions, having a theoretical capacity of ca.…”

Carbon-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for High-Performance Applications

“…CNTs are also used as anodes for this type of batteries, though they exhibit very high capacity loss and low initial columbic efficiency. To solve this issue, CNTs can be prelithiated via cyclic voltammetry with a polymer coating such as p-sulfonated poly(allyl phenyl ether) (SPAPE) [21], which eliminates the initial irreversible capacity of the CNT electrodes. This is a simple, fast and inexpensive method to attain high performance flexible anodes for microbatteries.…”