Direct Preparation of Spherically Agglomerated Salicylic Acid Crystals During Crystallization

Particle design via spherical agglomeration: A critical review of controlling parameters, rate processes and modelling

“…Zhang et al [9] reported the improved properties of cefotaxime sodium agglomerates produced via spherical agglomeration compared to single crystals, including bulk density, flowability and compactibility. Similar improvements in properties using spherically agglomerated particles over conventional crystals have also been reported for salicylic acid [8,14], tolbutamide [15], bucillamine [16] and aceclofenac [17]. Maghsoodi [18] has suggested that stronger bonds are formed from agglomerated carbamazepine crystals under compression leading to increased tensile strength compared to single crystals.…”

“…There are various possibilities in which the components can be mixed together. For example, Kawashima et al [14], in their study of the spherical agglomeration of salicylic acid, used two different procedures. Method one involved the addition of water to an ethanolic salicylic acid solution to initially precipitate the solid.…”

“…13, is the final agglomerate size, is a proportionality constant related to material properties, is the solid concentration, and is the stirrer speed. Based on experimental via coalescence (14) In Eq. 14 A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T and the collision energy (based on primary particle size, interfacial energy, binding force).…”

“…Therefore, for this method to be successful, it is usually necessary to also add an emulsifier [96,97]. Spherical agglomeration can be considered the more flexible method given that it usually requires a simpler solvent system and can be carried out simultaneously with crystallisation or post-crystallisation [14];…”

The Agglomeration Mechanism of Phenytoin (Antiepileptic) by a Novel Agglomerated Crystallization Technique

“…This phenomenon is due to the capability of the liberated chloroform to function as a bridging liquid 2 ), which forms a liquid-bridge between hydrophobic salicylic acid crystals. The resultant capillary attraction causes the crystals to agglomerate.…”