Direct production of biodiesel from waste oils with a strong solid base from alkalized industrial clay ash

Cong, Wen-jie; Wang, Yitong; Li, Hu; Fang, Zhen; Sun, Jie; Liu, Hai-Tong; Liu, Jie-Teng; Tang, Song; Xu, Lujiang

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114735

Cited by 53 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Biodiesel can be obtained from a variety of sources including vegetable oil, animal fat, 2 and several residual materials, which enhances the market stability of this product and allows good predictions regarding the acquisition of raw materials for its production. Studies on different fatty acid and ester sources, such as waste lard, 3 microbial oils, 4 and waste and acid oils, 5,6 have demonstrated the high potential for the use of residual waste in the biodiesel industry, partly due to its economic competitiveness. Short‐chain alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, are also used in the production of biodiesel 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation, optimization, and economic analysis of process to obtain esters from fatty acids

Margarida

Flores

Hamerski

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Waste oils are a very promising raw material in the biodiesel industry, which is why great efforts have focused on the removal of the free fatty acids (FFAs) present in this source, mainly through the esterification reaction. Many studies have evaluated the influence of different variables on the reaction conversion, such as temperature, catalyst concentration, and alcohol/oil ratio. However, it is still necessary to verify how the esterification is affected by higher water concentration. In this study, different acid‐catalyzed esterification reaction conditions with distinct water concentrations were tested experimentally, and a new rate expression was proposed. This newly obtained reaction kinetics was then used to undertake a complete analysis of the biodiesel production process from waste oil, evaluating the influence of higher water concentrations in the esterification, and including different optimizations and an economic evaluation. Concerning some of the process modifications, it was verified that the inclusion of three energy‐saving heat exchangers reduced utility costs by 40%. In contrast, the inclusion of an ethanol‐recycling distillation column reduced raw material costs by 40%. Different settings were also tested, varying the feed composition and the esterification reaction time and conditions, resulting in a payback period of less than 3 years in any evaluated scenario. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation, optimization, and economic analysis of process to obtain esters from fatty acids

Margarida

Flores

Hamerski

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…Synthesis followed the general procedures of similar work. ,,, The DES was prepared with a 2:1 mole ratio of choline chloride/glycerol (34.2:25.8 g), stirred until well mixed. The DES was activated with NaOH (6 g of NaOH, which is 1% of the mass of waste oil and grease used, and the NaOH is crushed, ground, and dried in a 100 °C oven for 12 h and cooled to room temperature prior to use), stirred until well mixed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To increase production capacity from nonedible feedstocks, there has been much work recently on enzymatic conversion of sea-borne algae into biodiesel . Nevertheless, investigations continue in more traditional approaches using transesterification of triglycerides, from either pure oils or waste cooking oil and grease, into fatty acid methyl/ethyl esters. − The generation of glycerol-based byproducts of transesterification synthesis is problematic, as these byproducts often require additional resources and further processing to become useful materials rather than waste needing disposal, all of which increases costs and reduces sustainability aspects of biodiesel …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locally Sustainable Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil and Grease Using a Deep Eutectic Solvent: Characterization, Thermal Properties, and Blend Performance

et al. 2021

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As part of local sustainability efforts, biodiesel was synthesized via transesterification using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) without further washing from on-campus, dining facility waste cooking oil and grease. Before moving forward with repurposing used DES as a solvent in chemistry teaching labs, we determined the suitability of the biodiesel as an alternative fuel blended with diesel to power campus utility vehicles. Biodiesel components were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR), viscometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and evolved gas analysis during pyrolysis with a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with FTIR (TGA-FTIR). The four major components of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in the biodiesel were methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, methyl palmitate, and methyl stearate. Kinematic viscosity over typical temperature ranges was within optimal values recommended by the American Biodiesel Standard (ASTM D6751), with a 30:70 biodiesel/diesel blend experimental viscosity of 3.43 cSt at 40 °C and a calculated viscosity of 10.13 cSt at 0 °C. The pure biodiesel’s cold-temperature onset of crystal formation is −10.1 °C versus −16.4 °C for a 30:70 biodiesel/diesel blend. Pyrolysis indicates good thermal stability, however, with an increased CO 2 evolution in the blended fuel at higher temperatures as compared to that in the pure biodiesel and the pure diesel. Combustion gas analysis indicates virtually complete combustion of the blended fuel to CO 2 and H 2 O with only trace amounts of CO. Overall results indicate that the biodiesel synthesized using DES is a suitable fuel for campus utility vehicles in the local moderate temperature climate and affords increased local sustainability by using used DES repurposed in our chemistry teaching labs.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, the development of heterogeneous solid base catalysts has attracted significant attention in recent years [41,42]. For example, solid base catalysts have been widely employed in transesterification owing to its eco-friendliness and remarkable activity [43][44][45][46][47]. We can roughly divide solid base catalysts into two types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrolactonization of methyl 15-hydroxypentadecanoate to cyclopentadecanolide using KF-La/γ-Al ₂ O ₃ catalyst

Cheng

Wang

et al. 2022

R. Soc. open sci.

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It has been a challenge to synthesize macrolide musk in excellent yields with high purity. KF-La/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst was prepared from a highly basic mesoporous framework using a mild method. The prepared KF-La/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst was employed for the synthesis of cyclopentadecanolide from methyl 15-hydroxypentadecanoate. The morphology and structure of prepared catalysts were characterized using XRD, TG-DTG, SEM, EDX, TEM, BET and CO 2 -TPD. The results revealed that the K 3 AlF 6 and LaOF are produced on the surface of KF-La/γ-Al 2 O 3 , and LaO can promote the dispersion of KF on the surface of Al 2 O 3 . Catalysts pore size main distribution ranges between 10 and 30 nm, the maximum CO 2 desorption temperature is 715°C when the La loading is 25%. Because F − ion has a higher electronegativity than O 2− ion, the KF-promoted metal oxide (Al 2 O 3 or/and La 2 O 3 ) contained more strong basic sites, compared with that of the corresponding metal oxide. The yield of cyclopentadecanolide obtained at 0.5 g KF-25La/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst and a reaction temperature of 190°C for 7 h were 58.50%, and the content after reactive distillation is 98.8%. The KF-La/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst has a larger pore size and basic strength, which is more conducive to the macrolactonization of long-chain hydroxy ester.

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Direct production of biodiesel from waste oils with a strong solid base from alkalized industrial clay ash

Cited by 53 publications

References 53 publications

Simulation, optimization, and economic analysis of process to obtain esters from fatty acids

Simulation, optimization, and economic analysis of process to obtain esters from fatty acids

Locally Sustainable Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil and Grease Using a Deep Eutectic Solvent: Characterization, Thermal Properties, and Blend Performance

Macrolactonization of methyl 15-hydroxypentadecanoate to cyclopentadecanolide using KF-La/γ-Al ₂ O ₃ catalyst

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Direct production of biodiesel from waste oils with a strong solid base from alkalized industrial clay ash

Cited by 53 publications

References 53 publications

Simulation, optimization, and economic analysis of process to obtain esters from fatty acids

Simulation, optimization, and economic analysis of process to obtain esters from fatty acids

Locally Sustainable Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil and Grease Using a Deep Eutectic Solvent: Characterization, Thermal Properties, and Blend Performance

Macrolactonization of methyl 15-hydroxypentadecanoate to cyclopentadecanolide using KF-La/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst

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Product

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Macrolactonization of methyl 15-hydroxypentadecanoate to cyclopentadecanolide using KF-La/γ-Al ₂ O ₃ catalyst