Direct radiocarbon dates of mid Upper Palaeolithic human remains from Dolní Věstonice II and Pavlov I, Czech Republic

Fewlass, Helen; Talamo, Sahra; Kromer, Bernd; Bard, Édouard; Tuna, Thibaut; Fagault, Yoann; Sponheimer, Matt; Ryder, Christina M.; Hublin, Jean‐Jacques; Perri, Angela R.; Sázelová, Sandra; Svoboda, Jiřı́

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102000

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The majority of these dates were measured at Groningen and Oxford Radiocarbon Laboratories and calibrated after OxCal v.4.2., using IntCal13 calibration curve 43 . These dates are also supported by a series of OSL dates from DV II 41,44 and, most recently, by direct radiocarbon dates obtained from human fossils found at the same site and measured at the Aix-en-Provence Laboratory 45 . All these dates provide a consistent record of human occupation during the MIS3 period.…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

A chronology of landsliding based on archaeological and documentary data: Pavlovské vrchy Hills, Western Carpathian Flysch Belt

Bíl

Krejčí

Dolák

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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pavlovské vrchy Hills represent a distinctive elevation near the czech-Austrian border where the active, dormant and relict landslides cover 12% of the area. Here we focused on the chronology of landsliding in this area using geological, archaeological and historical evidence. The earliest records of landsliding were determined in locations underlying the dated archaeological settlements. The Upper Paleolithic settlement complex dated between 37-24 ka cal BP, was originally deposited over these landslides. It was consequently destroyed in certain places by additional landslides preceding the last (Upper Pleniglacial) loess deposition (22 ka cal BP). These landslides took place before and after the Upper Paleolithic occupation of this area. This Pleistocene landslide event ranks among the oldest (albeit indirectly) dated landslide within the Czech part of the Western Carpathian Flysch Belt. The chronology of later, historical, landsliding was determined using written records (chronicles, official reports, archival evidence, etc.). Continuous records of landsliding were available as of the middle of the seventeenth century. The major concentration of landslides occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century (1910-1915). The 1663 landslide is currently the oldest landslide, in the Czech part of the Western Carpathian Flysch Belt, which was dated on the basis of documentary data. The Western Carpathian Flysch Belt (WCFB) ranks among the areas most susceptible to landsliding in the Czech Republic 1-5. As many as 15,215 landslides, representing 75% of all landslides registered within the entire Czech Republic (CR), can be found in the Czech part of the WCFB (6,465 km 2). Holec et al. 6 claimed that the ratio of landslide-affected areas in the entire WCFB is 13.6%. Certain local studies, conducted in the Czech part of WCFB, presented even higher numbers, up to 20% 7. Many types of landsliding can be found in the Czech WCFB, e.g. shallow landslides 3,8 , debris flows 9,10 , deep-seated landslides 2,11-13 , rockfalls 14-16 or complex flow-like landslides 9,10,17. A number of slopes in the highest parts of WCFB were also affected by DSGSD [e.g. 11,18,19 ]. current Research on Landslide Dating in the czech WcfB Pleistocene landslides. The vast majority of dated landsliding in the Czech part of WCFB are from the Holocene age. The inventory of the dated WCFB landslides with new radiocarbon dates (from woody and other organic remnants within the landslide body or from lakes on the landslide surface) allowed for the identification of landslide phases in the Holocene 20. The results of dating the slope movements by the 14 C determination method in the Czech WCFB have yielded so far results from the youngest phase of sliding in the Holocene 17. Pánek et al. 17 reported the results of dating from 13 localities ranging from 12.86-9.30 ka (Kykula locality; cal BP) to 510-470 years (Pluskovec locality; cal BP). Virtually, these data fall mostly into the Holocene period (0-11.734 ka cal BP). Many well-known, large-scale landslides...

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supporting

confidence: 55%

A chronology of landsliding based on archaeological and documentary data: Pavlovské vrchy Hills, Western Carpathian Flysch Belt

Bíl

Krejčí

Dolák

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The elevated trophic level of the Pavlovian ravens with some individuals' diets -notably those examined from Pavlov I -likely dominated by mammoth meat consumption cannot be understood as a default subsistence strategy of these avian scavengers, even though the "wood steppe" environment of the region with a highly differentiated open parkland character 47,51,74,75 must have been extremely productive in mammalian biomass, and by extension, carcass availability. We argue that it is an impossible coincidence that megafaunal feeding signatures in raven co-occur with robust evidence for systematic mammoth hunting, processing and consumption of Pavlovian people 30,76−80 , linked to an exceptionally stable and intense open-air lowland settlement system 34,49,50,54 , where investment into "persistent" places 81 is not only re ected in various domestic activities and built structures or pits but also in a complex burial landscape [82][83][84][85] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The isotopic ratios are then expressed using the δ (delta) value as follows: Dietary contribution of prey groups: in order to estimate the proportions of different prey groups in the protein fraction of individual raven diets, MixSIAR was utilized 134 . Comparing the dietary pro les of Pavlovian ravens with other meat consumers requires estimation of dietary proportions of carnivores and humans from broadly contemporaneous sites in Southern Moravia for which isotope data is published 76,82,[135][136][137] . MixSIAR demands the speci cation of distinct prey sources as well as comparative Trophic Enrichment Factor (TEF) values.…”

Section: Data Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Earliest evidence for hunter-gatherer impacts on raven diet and ecology in the Gravettian of Southern Moravia

Baumann

Hussain

Roblíčková

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Early Gravettian of Southern Moravia – the Pavlovian – is notable for its corvid-rich faunal assemblages dominated by common ravens (Corvus corax). Based on the available zooarchaeological and settlement data from the Pavlovian, it has been hypothesized that ravens were attracted by human domestic activities and subsequently captured by Pavlovian people for food and feathers. Here, we report independent δ15N, δ13C and δ34S isotope data obtained from twelve adult common ravens from the Pavlovian key sites of Předmostí I, Pavlov I and Dolní Věstonice I. We show that these ravens had diets surprisingly rich in mammoth, thus strongly aligning in feeding preferences with contemporary early Homo sapiens foragers. We isolate two groups of ravens with distinct dietary profiles and argue that these opportunistic-generalist feeders were both attracted from adjacent regions and encouraged locally through human activity. These data provide the earliest direct evidence for incipient synanthropism among Upper Palaeolithic ravens. We suggest that subtle anthropogenic ecosystem engineering, including carrion supply dynamics, furnishes unique contexts for the emergence of synanthropism, affirming deep-historical roots in Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherer contexts. The coalescence of synanthropic niches can promote novel foraging opportunities and human-environment feedback dynamics and is thus important for understanding early human ecosystem impacts.

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“…The division in sections A-D follows the methodology of Pastoors (2001). Weathering data modified from Behrensmeyer (1978) illustrated at other Palaeolithic sites (Fewlass et al, 2019b;Talamo et al, 2021b) and is an effective tool to apply at sites where collagen preservation is variable (e.g. Ruebens et al, 2022).…”

Section: Faunal Accumulation Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neanderthal subsistence, taphonomy and chronology at Salzgitter‐Lebenstedt (Germany): a multifaceted analysis of morphologically unidentifiable bone

Ruebens

Smith

Fewlass

et al. 2023

J Quaternary Science

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Pleistocene faunal assemblages are often highly fragmented, hindering taxonomic identifications and interpretive potentials. In this paper, we apply four different methodologies to morphologically unidentifiable bone fragments from the Neanderthal open-air site of Salzgitter-Lebenstedt (Germany). First, we recorded zooarchaeological attributes for all 1362 unidentifiable bones recovered in 1977. Second, we applied zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS) to 761 fragments, and calculated glutamine deamidation values. Third, we assessed the collagen preservation of 30 fragments by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and, finally, we pretreated 10 bones with high predicted collagen values for radiocarbon dating. All returned dates at, or beyond, the limit of radiocarbon dating, indicating an age of older than 51 000 years ago. The ZooMS faunal spectrum confirms a cold environment, dominated by reindeer, alongside mammoth, horse and bison. The low occurrence of carnivore modifications (1%) contrasts with an abundance of human modifications (23%). Cut marks and marrow fractures were observed across reindeer, horse and bison. The mammoth remains are less well preserved and show a lower degree of human modifications, indicating, perhaps, a different taphonomic history. Overall, this study illustrates the importance of retaining, studying and incorporating the unidentifiable bone fraction to optimize interpretations of site formation and subsistence behaviour at Palaeolithic sites.

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Direct radiocarbon dates of mid Upper Palaeolithic human remains from Dolní Věstonice II and Pavlov I, Czech Republic

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

A chronology of landsliding based on archaeological and documentary data: Pavlovské vrchy Hills, Western Carpathian Flysch Belt

A chronology of landsliding based on archaeological and documentary data: Pavlovské vrchy Hills, Western Carpathian Flysch Belt

Earliest evidence for hunter-gatherer impacts on raven diet and ecology in the Gravettian of Southern Moravia

Neanderthal subsistence, taphonomy and chronology at Salzgitter‐Lebenstedt (Germany): a multifaceted analysis of morphologically unidentifiable bone

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