Direct regeneration of recycled cathode material mixture from scrapped LiFePO 4 batteries

Li, Xuelei; Zhang, Jin; Song, Dawei; Song, Jinbao; Zhang, Lianqi

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.01.118

Cited by 283 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These results were in agreement with those reported by Zucolotto et al who suggested a two steps mechanism starting with the evaporation of HF followed by carbon chain scission [96]. Beyond the decomposition of the binder, thermal treatment allows the destruction of other organic contaminants, recrystallization of the active material, and regeneration of the carbon coating [69,97,98]. According to Kim et al, the carbonization of the binder during the thermal treatment of LFP black mass in N 2 atmosphere increased the electrical conductivity of the active material and enhanced its electrochemical performance [69].…”

Section: Removal Of Current Collector and Bindersupporting

confidence: 92%

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Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

et al. 2020

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An exponential market growth of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) has been observed in the past 20 years; approximately 670,000 tons of LIBs have been sold in 2017 alone. This trend will continue owing to the growing interest of consumers for electric vehicles, recent engagement of car manufacturers to produce them, recent developments in energy storage facilities, and commitment of governments for the electrification of transportation. Although some limited recycling processes were developed earlier after the commercialization of LIBs, these are inadequate in the context of sustainable development. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to replace the commonly employed pyrometallurgical recycling method with a less detrimental approach, such as hydrometallurgical, in particular sulfate-based leaching, or direct recycling. Sulfate-based leaching is the only large-scale hydrometallurgical method currently used for recycling LIBs and serves as baseline for several pilot or demonstration projects currently under development. Conversely, most project and processes focus only on the recovery of Ni, Co, Mn, and less Li, and are wasting the iron phosphate originating from lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. Although this battery type does not dominate the LIB market, its presence in the waste stream of LIBs causes some technical concerns that affect the profitability of current recycling processes. This review explores the current processes and alternative solutions to pyrometallurgy, including novel selective leaching processes or direct recycling approaches.

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Section: Removal Of Current Collector and Bindersupporting

confidence: 92%

“…1 C corresponds to full charge or discharge in 1 h.) versus Li 0 [69]. This process was improved by Chen et al [213] and Li et al [97] at pilot scale by introducing a lithium precursor and a reducing gas during the thermal treatment. In this way, the depleted cathodic material was replenished with lithium.…”

Section: Direct Recycling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

et al. 2020

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“…In the same way, glucose has been used as the carbon source to prepare LFP-C composite from spent LIBs. Li et al [114] also followed the same fashion to repair the LFP material in the direct regeneration process. Afterward, the Li 2 CO 3 is recovered to prepare LFP-C material through a carbothermal reduction method using a commercial carbon (Figure 9).…”

Section: Resynthesis Of Lfpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

Natarajan

Aravindan

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

230

126

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Where sustainability is concerned, recycling of reutilizable wastes will always occupy the apex of the green chemistry research. Handling electronic wastes in a green manner without affecting the ecology and human health is one of the main challenges for material chemists and gains top priority among other fields of research. At present, handling and recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is a key priority. Due to these environmental concerns, massive interest has been triggered in various crystal structures of metal oxides, and different kinds of carbon materials that provide the opportunities to replace the commercial LIBs for energy storage and conversion applications in a cost‐effective manner. Reports are available on the recycling of spent LIBs, but these reports mainly focus on the metal recovery process rather than finding suitable applications for the recovered material. This present work exclusively summarizes the global demand for LIB raw materials, tactics in the resynthesis process along with the wide range of growing applications of spent LIB materials. Finally, the future prospects of applications that utilize spent LIB materials are addressed.

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“…7 In recent years, a direct recycling approach that resynthesizes recycled cathode powder with heat treatment has proved to be feasible in laboratory-scale research. [8][9][10] Although this approach claimed to be more ecologically friendly and energy conserving, it also had much higher requirements for the material separation technique in mass production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disassembly Automation for Recycling End-of-Life Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells

Zheng

Yang

et al. 2019

JOM

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Rapid advances in the use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and electric grid storage have led to a large number of end-of-life (EOL) LIBs awaiting recycling to reclaim critical materials and eliminate environmental hazards. This article studies automatic mechanical separation methodology for EOL pouch LIBs with Z-folded electrode-separator compounds (ESC). Customized handling tools are designed, manufactured, and assembled into an automatic disassembly system prototype that consists of three modules. Verification experiments utilizing dummy cells prove that the main components of pouch LIBs (cathode sheets, anode sheets, separators, and polymer-laminated aluminum film housing) can be automatically separated and extracted with well-preserved integrity using our proposed disassembly strategy.

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Direct regeneration of recycled cathode material mixture from scrapped LiFePO 4 batteries

Cited by 283 publications

References 23 publications

Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

Disassembly Automation for Recycling End-of-Life Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells

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