Direct Reuse of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Reductive Upgrading of Biomass-Derived Furfural

Abstract

Metrics & MoreArticle Recommendations * sı Supporting Information ABSTRACT: "Black mass", namely, the mixture of anodic and cathodic materials arising from mechanical shredding of spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs), can be easily converted into an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for selective reductions. Here, we demonstrate a concept showing how LIBs, after appropriate thermal treatments, can be directly used as catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of biobased furfural and other biomass-derived aldehydes and ketones. Yet, the approach is general and can be applied to a variety of substrates under widely different conditions. The production of the new catalyst involves a simple calcination of the e-waste material followed by reduction with H 2 at 500 °C. Complete conversion of furfural into furfuryl alcohol is achieved after 90 min at 120 °C under 10 bar H 2 in 2-propanol. High furfural conversion can also be obtained under transfer hydrogenation conditions by using 2-propanol as a solvent/Hdonor. The study opens the route to the use and recycle of spent LIBs as valued raw materials of precious catalytic materials suitable for use in fine chemical production.

Spent Li-Ion Battery Electrode Material with Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide as a Reusable Catalyst for Oxidation of Biofurans

“…This X-ray diffraction pattern is comparable to other typical LiB cathode material X-ray chromatograms reported in the literature . The strong peaks at 2θ = 26.5° and 44.5° are due to graphite carbon . The smaller peaks at 2θ = 18.6°, 31.8°, 36.4°, and 38.5° are assigned to LiMO 2 -type oxides where M = Co, Ni, or Mn. ,, In addition, the peaks in the region of 42.4° are assigned to MnO …”

“…Therefore, in addition to regeneration of pure compounds, repurposing in Li-ion battery black material (LiBBM) without separation of elements is a very attractive proposition. Co, Mn, and Ni oxides and sulfides are well known for their catalytic properties; especially, these compounds are excellent catalysts for oxidation reactions. , However, there are only limited attempts to use this waste material as catalysts, where it was used as a reduction catalyst for electrochemical oxygen reduction and carbonyl group reduction. − In addition, LiBBM presents a no-cost or minimal-cost prefabricated catalyst material where these metals are immobilized on a graphite carbon support.…”

“…39 The strong peaks at 2θ = 26.5°and 44.5°are due to graphite carbon. 19 The smaller peaks at 2θ = 18.6°, 31.8°, 36.4°, and 38.5°are assigned to LiMO 2 -type oxides where M = Co, Ni, or Mn. 19,40,41 In addition, the peaks in the region of 42.4°are assigned to MnO.…”

“…19 The smaller peaks at 2θ = 18.6°, 31.8°, 36.4°, and 38.5°are assigned to LiMO 2 -type oxides where M = Co, Ni, or Mn. 19,40,41 In addition, the peaks in the region of 42.4°are assigned to MnO. 19 Oxidation of Biofurans Using the LiBBM-600 Catalyst under an Oxygen Atmosphere.…”

“…19,40,41 In addition, the peaks in the region of 42.4°are assigned to MnO. 19 Oxidation of Biofurans Using the LiBBM-600 Catalyst under an Oxygen Atmosphere. Three biomass-derived furan aldehydes, furan-2-aldehyde (FA), 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), and 5,5′-[oxybis(methylene)]bis[2-furaldehyde] (OBMF), were tested to evaluate the activity of the LiBBM-600 catalyst as in Figures 5−7.…”