Direct seeding of black spruce in northwestern Ontario: Temporal changes in seedbed coverage and receptivity

Fleming, Richard A.; Mossa, D.S.

doi:10.5558/tfc71219-2

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The coefficient of variation (CV = the standard deviation divided by the mean) across years ranges between 0.30 to 0.60 for mineral soil, 0.08 to 0.29 for humus, and 0.34 to 0.53 for burnt O f . While this is based on only 3 years, these CV values are similar to those obtained on mineral soil with repeated (3 years) sowing by Walker et al (1986; white spruce) and Fleming and Mossa (1995;black spruce). (Note that two of our species have aerial seed banks, but we can nonetheless use those data to make statements about the relative temporal variation in S g .)…”

Section: Possible Causes Of Early Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Recall that the burnt O f seedbeds were not manipulated in any way. Unlike the 3-year sowing experiments of Walker et al (1986) and Fleming and Mossa (1995) on mineral soil, there was no clear tendency for the age-specific survivorship to worsen with time-sincedisturbance (scarification in their studies) as we tested for a trend in the survivorship values using a modification of the χ 2 test (Zar 1999, p. 565). Of the nine triplets in Table 5, only three showed a significant decline in S g with timesince-fire (pine on mineral soil, and white spruce on mineral soil and humus).…”

Section: Age-specific Survivorship and Time-since-firementioning

confidence: 91%

“…Unlike Walker et al (1986) and Fleming and Mossa (1995) our permanent plots permit us to ask whether subsequent stages show a change in age-specific survivorship with time-since-fire. For the permanent plots, we took the subsequent five stages (first three summers and first two winters; Table 4), deleted any result where n < 10, and asked whether the age-specific survivorship increased or declined with time-since-fire.…”

Section: Age-specific Survivorship and Time-since-firementioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-wildfire seedbeds and tree establishment in the southern mixedwood boreal forest

Charron¹,

Greene²

2002

Can. J. For. Res.

125

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We studied the post-wildfire establishment of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in the southern mixedwood boreal forest of Saskatchewan, Canada. The major objective of the study was to determine the influence of post-wildfire seedbed types on the juvenile survivorship of trees. Through a combination of permanent plots and sowing experiments, we demonstrated that mineral soil, thin Polytrichum Hedw. moss, and humus are much more favorable than the organic fermentation (O f ) and litter seedbeds. We also show that differences among seedbeds are significantly more important than differences among species. In addition, the first year of a cohort has the highest rate of mortality, about 85% on mineral and humus seedbeds and 98% on O f seedbeds; differences in age-specific survivorship between seedbeds become muted by the end of the second year, and survivorship rates approach 1 by the end of the third summer. Finally, age structures showed that germination rates of black spruce and jack pine were very low the initial summer of the fire; that there was a peak in recruitment in the first post-fire summer; and that by the fourth year the recruitment declined to nearly zero.Résumé : À la suite d'un feu naturel, nous avons étudié l'implantation du pin gris (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), de l'épinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) et de l'épinette blanche (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) dans la forêt boréale mixe du Sud de la Saskatchewan, au Canada. L'objectif majeur de cette recherche était de déterminer l'influence des substrats présents après feu sur la survie juvénile des semis. En utilisant des places-échantillons permanentes et des ensemencements, nous démontrons que le sol minéral, l'humus et les minces couches de Polytrichum Hedw. sont plus favorables que la couche organique de fermentation (O f ) et la litière de feuillus. Nous démontrons aussi que les diffé-rences dans les taux de survie entre les substrats sont significativement plus importantes que celles entre les espèces. De plus, une cohorte subit un plus haut taux de mortalité la première année, soit environ 85 % sur le sol minéral et l'humus et 98 % sur la couche O f . Les différences dans les taux de survie selon l'âge s'estompent à la fin de la deuxième année et les taux approchent 1 à la fin du troisième été. Finalement, les stuctures d'âges démontrent que les taux de germination de l'épinette noire et du pin gris sont très bas l'été pendant lequel survient un feu, que le recrutement culmine pendant le premier été suivant le feu, et qu'il approche zéro à la fin de la quatrième année.

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Section: Possible Causes Of Early Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Age-specific Survivorship and Time-since-firementioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Age-specific Survivorship and Time-since-firementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Post-wildfire seedbeds and tree establishment in the southern mixedwood boreal forest

Charron¹,

Greene²

2002

Can. J. For. Res.

125

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“…8). On this soil type, slash reduction (FT, 5750 stems·ha −1 ) and exposure of mineral soil (FTB, 7980 stems·ha −1 ) resulted in these high recruitment numbers, presumably due to improved seedbed receptivity (Fleming and Mossa 1995;Prévost 1997). Interestingly enough, even with blading off the logging debris and O horizon, the species composition on the FTB treatment plots was dominated by jack pine (Pj 80 Sb 10 Bw 10 ).…”

Section: Stand-level Productivity Responsementioning

confidence: 94%

Black spruce growth response to varying levels of biomass harvest intensity across a range of soil types: 15-year results

2014

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With a growing interest in the diversification (e.g., bioenergy, biochemicals) of the forest industry beyond the traditional product streams, concerns that higher harvest utilization levels may compromise site productivity have been heightened. This study reports on 15-year tree growth responses to varying levels of biomass removals conducted on four soil types: loamy tills, outwash sands, wet mineral, and peatlands. Experimental harvest treatments included stem-only, full-tree, full-tree chipping (a full-tree harvest with the roadside material chipped and returned to the site), and full-tree + bladed (a full-tree harvest followed by forest floor removal). Results indicated no significant effect on height growth on the loamy tills, a significant decline for the blading treatment on the sandy soils, and an increase when the blading treatment was applied to the peatland sites. At the stand level, better planted seedling survival and higher recruitment of naturals on the more extreme removal treatment (forest floor removal on sandy sites) tended to nullify any negative impacts identified in the individual-tree growth measurements. The more than doubling of the slash loading on the stem-only treatment plots compared with the full-tree plots did not result in differences in tree productivity levels between these two operational treatments. The stands, however, were just approaching crown closure by year 15, suggesting that ongoing monitoring will be required to confirm that the growth trajectories for the various harvest treatment -soil type combinations can be maintained.Résumé : Dans la mesure où l'industrie forestière est de plus en plus intéressée à diversifier ses activités (p. ex., bioénergie et produits biochimiques) au-delà de sa gamme traditionnelle de produits, les craintes que l'utilisation plus complète de la forêt compromette la productivité des stations augmentent. Cette étude rend compte des réactions en croissance des arbres, après 15 ans, à différents degrés de prélèvement de la biomasse sur quatre types de sol : till loameux, sable fluvio-glaciaire, sol minéral humide et tourbières. Les traitements expérimentaux d'exploitation incluaient tronc entier, arbre entier, copeaux d'arbres entiers (récolte d'arbres entiers mis en copeaux en bordure de route et redistribués sur le site), arbre entier + lame bineuse (récolte d'arbres entiers et enlèvement de la couverture morte). Les résultats ne révèlent aucun effet significatif sur la croissance en hauteur sur le till loameux, mais il y a une diminution importante avec le traitement arbre entier + lame bineuse sur les sols sablonneux et une augmentation avec le même traitement dans les tourbières. À l'échelle du peuplement, une meilleure survie des semis plantés et plus de recrues d'origine naturelle dans le traitement où l'enlèvement de la biomasse était le plus prononcé (enlèvement de la couverture morte sur les sols sablonneux) avaient tendance à annuler tous les impacts négatifs identifiés dans les mesures de croissance d'arbres individuels. Dans le trai...

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“…Furthermore, substantial nutrient reserves in the forest floor of mature fire-origin boreal stands (Foster et al 1995) may reduce the overall impact of nutrient removals by whole-tree harvesting. Compaction -disc trenching effects Similar planted-tree growth responses in the WT and WT T after the initial establishment phase suggest that the beneficial effects of disc trenching are relatively short-lived, with seedbeds being covered by litter (Fleming and Mossa 1995) and roots extending beyond the area of treatment influence within a few years. However, on some sites (e.g., Mattsson and Bergsten 2003), including those with highly competitive ericaceous shrubs (e.g., Kalmia angustifolia L.) (Thiffault et al 2004), there may be continued growth benefits from scarification.…”

Section: Fifteen-year Biomass-removal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effectsof biomass harvest intensity and soil disturbance on jack pine stand productivity: 15-year results

et al. 2014

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Rising demands for forest biomass have raised concerns that the increased removal of organic residues and harvest impacts may reduce longer term site productivity. Replicated field experiments examining the effects of stem-only harvest with disc trenching (SO T ), whole-tree harvest with (WT T ) and without (WT) disc trenching, whole-tree harvest with forest-floor removal by blading (WT B ), and blading followed by compaction (WT BC ) were installed on nine sandy jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) sites in northern Ontario. At year 5, planted-tree diameters, dominant tree heights (H D ), and stand aboveground biomass (jP P Bio) were smaller without soil disturbance (the WT), but were otherwise similar among treatments. At year 15, planted-tree size and stand yield rankings were WT T = SO T = WT > WT B = WT BC . Biomass production by natural regeneration and total stand aboveground biomass (TotBio) treatment rankings were SO T ≥ WT T ≥ WT > WT B = WT BC . H D , jP P Bio, and TotBio showed increasing divergence over time in WT B vs. WT T -SO T response, whereas statistical equivalence of the WT T and SO T treatments was shown for most tree and stand growth responses. There was some evidence of increasingly negative impacts of WT B as site index declined. Overall, negative WT B effects on tree and stand productivity have become increasingly apparent.Résumé : La demande croissante de biomasse forestière soulève la question d'une possible réduction de la productivité des stations à long terme à la suite d'une augmentation du prélèvement des résidus organiques et des impacts de la récolte. Sur neuf stations sableuses de pin gris (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) du nord de l'Ontario, nous avons établi des expériences répétées sur le terrain pour étudier les effets de la récolte des tiges seulement avec scarifiage à disque (TS D ), de la récolte par arbre entier avec (AE D ) et sans (AE) scarifiage à disque, et de la récolte par arbre entier avec l'enlèvement de la couverture morte à l'aide d'une lame bineuse (AE L ) ou d'une lame bineuse suivie d'une compaction (AE LC ). Après 5 ans, le diamètre des arbres plantés, la hauteur des arbres dominants (H D ) et la biomasse aérienne des peuplements (jP P Bio) étaient plus faibles sans perturbation du sol (AE), mais similaires entre les autres traitements. Après 15 ans, le classement des traitements en ce qui concerne la taille des arbres plantés et la production étaient AE D = TS D = AE > AE L = AE LC . Dans le cas de la production en biomasse de la régénération naturelle et en biomasse aérienne totale des peuplements (BioTot), le classement des traitements était TS D ≥ AE D ≥ AE > AE L = AE LC . Nous avons observé une divergence croissante entre les réactions de AE L vs AE D et TS D en ce qui concerne la jP P Bio et la BioTot en fonction du temps, alors qu'une équivalence statistique des traitements AE D et TS D a été observée pour la plupart des réactions de croissance des arbres et du peuplement. Le traitement AE L tendait à avoir un impact négatif croissant avec une diminution de l...

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Direct seeding of black spruce in northwestern Ontario: Temporal changes in seedbed coverage and receptivity

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Post-wildfire seedbeds and tree establishment in the southern mixedwood boreal forest

Post-wildfire seedbeds and tree establishment in the southern mixedwood boreal forest

Black spruce growth response to varying levels of biomass harvest intensity across a range of soil types: 15-year results

Effectsof biomass harvest intensity and soil disturbance on jack pine stand productivity: 15-year results

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