Direct simulation of glass fiber breakage in simple shear flow considering fiber-fiber interaction

Sasayama, Toshiki; Inagaki, Masahide; Sato, Norikazu

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.105514

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…According to Meyer et al [46], a good fiber dispersion in the polymer matrix is achieved at a value of FLD = L p /L n ≈ 1.4. This value is in good agreement with the experimental [45,47] and numerical [48] studies of other authors. For the phenolic molding compounds manufactured in the present study, the quotient is in a narrow range of FLD = 1.23 .…”

Section: Fiber Length Measurementsupporting

confidence: 92%

Compounding of Short Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Resin by Using Specific Mechanical Energy Input as a Process Control Parameter

et al. 2021

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For a newly developed thermoset injection molding process, glass fiber-reinforced phenolic molding compounds with fiber contents between 0 wt% and 60 wt% were compounded. To achieve a comparable remaining heat of the reaction in all compound formulations, the specific mechanical energy input (SME) during the twin-screw extruder compounding process was used as a control parameter. By adjusting the extruder screw speed and the material throughput, a constant SME into the resin was targeted. Validation measurements using differential scanning calorimetry showed that the remaining heat of the reaction was higher for the molding compounds with low glass fiber contents. It was concluded that the SME was not the only influencing factor on the resin crosslinking progress during the compounding. The material temperature and the residence time changed with the screw speed and throughput, and most likely influenced the curing. However, the SME was one of the major influence factors, and can serve as an at-line control parameter for reactive compounding processes. The mechanical characterization of the test specimens revealed a linear improvement in tensile strength up to a fiber content of 40–50 wt%. The unnotched Charpy impact strength at a 0° orientation reached a plateau at fiber fractions of approximately 45 wt%.

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Section: Fiber Length Measurementsupporting

confidence: 92%

Compounding of Short Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Resin by Using Specific Mechanical Energy Input as a Process Control Parameter

et al. 2021

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“…The processing of L-PA6 in filament extrusion increased the fibres scissions compared to the IM process. Fibre breakages are characteristics of fibre–fibre, fibre–polymer melt and fibre–metal surface interactions because of high shearing (Wang et al , 2011; Inoue et al , 2015; Sasayama et al , 2019). Resultant, for L-PA6-FIL approximately 50% of fibre length distribution is below 218 µm when compared to L-PA6 (pellets).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid consolidation of 3D printed composite parts using compression moulding for improved thermo mechanical properties

Savandaiah

Maurer

Plank

et al. 2022

RPJ

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Purpose 3D printing techniques such as material extrusion based additive manufacturing provide a promising and cost effective manufacturing technique. However, the main challenges in industrial applications remain with the quality assurance of mass produced parts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of compression moulding as a rapid consolidation method for 3D printed composites, with an aim to reduce voids and defects and thus improving quality assurance of printed parts. Design/methodology/approach To develop an understanding of the inherent voids in 3D parts and the influence on mechanical properties, material extrusion additively manufactured (MEX) parts were post consolidated by using compression moulding at elevated temperature. Findings This study comparatively investigates the influence of carbon fibre length, undergoing process induced scission during filament extrusion and IM and its impact on void content and mechanical properties. It was found that the post consolidation significantly reduced the voids and the mechanical properties were significantly improved compared to the nonconsolidated material extrusion additively manufactured parts, reaching values similar to those of the IM parts. Practical implications Adaptation of extrusion-based additive manufacturing with hybridisation of reliable compression moulding technology transcends into series production of highly adaptive end user applications, such as drones, advanced sports prosthetics, competitive cycling and more. Originality/value This paper adds to the current understanding of 3D printing and provides a step towards quality assurance for mass production.

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“…During the injection molding process, the fibers are subjected to high mechanical loads, causing fiber damage and breaking. Three distinct mechanisms for fiber shortening are identified [ 15 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. First, fluid–fiber interactions are caused by viscous forces transferred from the polymer matrix into the fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Injection Molding Process for Long Glass Fiber-Reinforced Phenolic Resins

et al. 2022

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Glass fiber-reinforced phenolic resins are well suited to substitute aluminum die-cast materials. They meet the high thermomechanical and chemical demands that are typically found in combustion engine and electric drive train applications. An injection molding process development for further improving their mechanical properties by increasing the glass fiber length in the molded part was conducted. A novel screw mixing element was developed to improve the homogenization of the long fibers in the phenolic resin. The process operation with the mixing element is a balance between the desired mixing action, an undesired preliminary curing of the phenolic resin, and the reduction of the fiber length. The highest mixing energy input leads to a reduction of the initial fiber length L0 = 5000 μm to a weighted average fiber length of Lp = 571 μm in the molded part. This is an improvement over Lp = 285 μm for a short fiber-reinforced resin under comparable processing conditions. The mechanical characterization shows that for the long fiber-reinforced materials, the benefit of the increased homogeneity outweighs the disadvantages of the reduced fiber length. This is evident from the increase in tensile strength from σm = 21 MPa to σm = 57 MPa between the lowest and the highest mixing energy input parameter settings.

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Direct simulation of glass fiber breakage in simple shear flow considering fiber-fiber interaction

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Compounding of Short Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Resin by Using Specific Mechanical Energy Input as a Process Control Parameter

Compounding of Short Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Resin by Using Specific Mechanical Energy Input as a Process Control Parameter

Rapid consolidation of 3D printed composite parts using compression moulding for improved thermo mechanical properties

Development of an Injection Molding Process for Long Glass Fiber-Reinforced Phenolic Resins

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