Direct Solar Hydrogen Generation at 20% Efficiency Using Low‐Cost Materials

Wang, Yuan; Sharma, Astha; Arandiyan, Hamidreza; Zhao, Tingwen; Zhang, Doudou; Su, Zhen; Garbrecht, Magnus; Beck, Fiona J.; Karuturi, Siva Krishna; Zhao, Chuan; Catchpole, Kylie

doi:10.1002/aenm.202101053

Cited by 55 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…[ 20 ] Direct solar hydrogen generation via photoelectrolysis is less mature than electricity‐based electrolysis, whereas fast progress in solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiencies of up to 20% have been demonstrated for a growing number of materials. [ 21 ] The projected cost is indicated for about 100€/MWh H2,LHV (3.4€/kg H2 ) for a midterm commercialization, based on present lab‐scale technology status. This research investigates solar PV electricity utilized for solar hydrogen generation via electrolysis, as all technologies are commercially available for large‐scale applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

True Cost of Solar Hydrogen

et al. 2021

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Green hydrogen will be an essential part of the future 100% sustainable energy and industry system. Up to one‐third of the required solar and wind electricity would eventually be used for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, increasing the cumulative electrolyzer capacity to about 17 TWel by 2050. The key method applied in this research is a learning curve approach for the key technologies, i.e., solar photovoltaics (PV) and water electrolyzers, and levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH). Sensitivities for the hydrogen demand and various input parameters are considered. Electrolyzer capital expenditure (CAPEX) for a large utility‐scale system is expected to decrease from the current 400 €/kWel to 240 €/kWel by 2030 and to 80 €/kWel by 2050. With the continuing solar PV cost decrease, this will lead to an LCOH decrease from the current 31–81 €/MWhH2,LHV (1.0–2.7 €/kgH2) to 20–54 €/MWhH2,LHV (0.7–1.8 €/kgH2) by 2030 and 10–27 €/MWhH2,LHV (0.3–0.9 €/kgH2) by 2050, depending on the location. The share of PV electricity cost in the LCOH will increase from the current 63% to 74% by 2050.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

True Cost of Solar Hydrogen

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“…Wang et al [248] analyzed the energy efficiency of direct solar hydrogen using low-cost materials. As the current hydrogen production systems suffer from either low efficiencies or expensive materials, they claimed that their proposed hydrogen generation system comprised of catalysts and low-cost light-absorbers could reach 20% efficiency of solarto-hydrogen (STH) conversion by coupling high-performance perovskite-Si tandem cells with earth-abundant catalysts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Recent Progress in the Integrated Green Hydrogen Production Processes

2022

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The thermochemical water-splitting method is a promising technology for efficiently converting renewable thermal energy sources into green hydrogen. This technique is primarily based on recirculating an active material, capable of experiencing multiple reduction-oxidation (redox) steps through an integrated cycle to convert water into separate streams of hydrogen and oxygen. The thermochemical cycles are divided into two main categories according to their operating temperatures, namely low-temperature cycles (<1100 °C) and high-temperature cycles (<1100 °C). The copper chlorine cycle offers relatively higher efficiency and lower costs for hydrogen production among the low-temperature processes. In contrast, the zinc oxide and ferrite cycles show great potential for developing large-scale high-temperature cycles. Although, several challenges, such as energy storage capacity, durability, cost-effectiveness, etc., should be addressed before scaling up these technologies into commercial plants for hydrogen production. This review critically examines various aspects of the most promising thermochemical water-splitting cycles, with a particular focus on their capabilities to produce green hydrogen with high performance, redox pairs stability, and the technology maturity and readiness for commercial use.

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Section: Concept and Categories Of Solar Energy Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Energy Catalysis

et al. 2022

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When it comes to using solar energy to promote catalytic reactions, photocatalysis technology is the first choice. However, sunlight can not only be directly converted into chemical energy through a photocatalytic process, it can also be converted through different energy‐transfer pathways. Using sunlight as the energy source, photocatalytic reactions can proceed independently, and can also be coupled with other catalytic technologies to enhance the overall catalytic efficiency. Therefore, sunlight‐driven catalytic reactions are diverse, and need to be given a specific definition. We propose a timely perspective for catalytic reactions driven by sunlight and give them a specific definition, namely “solar energy catalysis”. The concept of different types of solar energy catalysis, such as photocatalysis, photothermal catalysis, solar cell powered electrocatalysis, and pyroelectric catalysis, are highlighted. Finally, their limitations and future research directions are discussed.

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Direct Solar Hydrogen Generation at 20% Efficiency Using Low‐Cost Materials

Cited by 55 publications

References 52 publications

True Cost of Solar Hydrogen

True Cost of Solar Hydrogen

A Review on Recent Progress in the Integrated Green Hydrogen Production Processes

Solar Energy Catalysis

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