Direct solution introduction using conventional nebulizers with a short torch for plasma mass spectrometry

Westphal, Cédric; Montaser, Akbar

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2006.04.002

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This group includes the direct injection nebulizer, 2 an evolution of it called direct injection high efficiency nebulizer (DIHEN) 3,4 and the fitting of a conventional micronebulizer to the base of a reduced length torch. 5,6 Secondly, systems that make use of an evaporation cavity where the solvent is completely vaporized when working at very low liquid flow rates (i.e., around 20 mL min À1 ). Within this group it is possible to differentiate between the so-called torch integrated sample introduction system (TISIS) and several modifications of this design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MC-ICPMS isotope ratio measurements using an ultra-low flow sample introduction system

Paredes

Asfaha

Ponzevera

et al. 2011

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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This study characterises for the first time isotope ratio measurements by multi-collector ICPMS when performed at liquid flow rates as low as 10-15 mL min À1 . An evolution of the torch integrated sample introduction system (TISIS) was employed, which combined an OpalMist nebulizer and a heated single pass spray chamber, allowing the transport of almost 100% of the solvent. The different factors potentially influencing the isotope ratio measured values and the associated sources of uncertainty (sensitivity and interferences, mass discrimination effects, repeatability of isotope ratio measurement, and rinsing time and memory effects) were investigated systematically under varying experimental conditions. Results showed that the liquid flow rate has a large impact on mass discrimination effects, making the control of this variable critical. From 5 to 30 mL min À1 , when using the exponential model, the mass discrimination per mass unit changed from À1.6 to À2.1 and from À1.1 to À1.9, for 88 Sr + / 86 Sr + and 208 Pb + / 206 Pb + ratios respectively. Moreover, extrapolations from these results lead to the conclusion that a syringe pump may be required instead of a free aspiration regime to control the liquid flow rate and eliminate the possibility of undesired variations of isotope ratio results (typically, 0.05& error for 1-2% fluctuations at 10 mL min À1 ). The validity of the exponential model also depends on the experimental conditions selected. When working at 15 mL min À1 and heating the chamber walls at 60-80 C, the performance was as good as it could be with a MicroMist/water cooled cinnabar combination operated at 200 mL min À1 (thus, the efficiency was 12 times better for the TISIS). Both systems were compared for the measurement of the Sr isotopic signature in honey samples. Since the TISIS allowed for a preconcentration of samples by a factor 5, the combined uncertainty on results could be improved by 1.6 to 4.4. The main drawback was, however, the longer rinsing time required to reach a stable background signal (10-12 minutes rather than 4).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MC-ICPMS isotope ratio measurements using an ultra-low flow sample introduction system

Paredes

Asfaha

Ponzevera

et al. 2011

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…More recently, dry introduction through desolvation systems have been commonly used (such as APEX by ESI, Omaha, NE, USA; or Aridus by Cetac, Omaha, NE, USA) increasing the sensitivity by eliminating the solvent. Recent findings concerning wet introduction consist of, for example, a torch containing an in‐built spray chamber (Todoli and Mermet 2002) or the use of commercial micro‐concentric nebulisers directly mounted into the plasma torch (Westphal and Montaser 2006). Among the many existing introduction systems (spray chambers, desolvators, nebulisers), direct injection nebulisation (DIN) seems to be the most straightforward assemblage (e.g., review by Todoli and Mermet 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

MC‐ICP‐MS Isotope Measurements with Direct Injection Nebulisation (d‐DIHEN): Optimisation and Application to Boron in Seawater and Carbonate Samples

Louvat

Bouchez

Paris

2010

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

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We report here an optimisation of the demountable direct injection high efficiency nebuliser (d‐DIHEN) for isotopic measurements with a Neptune (ThermoFisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer (MC‐ICP‐MS) and describe a method for boron isotopic ratio determination. With direct injection nebulisation 100% of the analyte was introduced into the ICP‐MS plasma and wash times were drastically reduced for elements such as boron and thorium. Compared to the classical stable introduction system (SIS: double Scott/cyclonic spray chamber), sensitivity for boron was 2–5 times higher with d‐DIHEN and wash times up to ten times shorter. Repeatability of 11B/10B sample‐calibrator bracketing measurements reached 0.25‰ (2s) for seawater and coral samples. Method accuracy and reproducibility were tested on mixed reference solutions having δ11B values in the ranges −90 to +40‰ and −2 to +2.5‰, demonstrating our ability to distinguish δ11B values with differences of only 0.25‰. The international seawater reference material NRCC NASS‐5 (National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada), analysed in different sessions over a 10‐month period, yielded an average δ11B value of +39.89 ± 0.25‰, in the upper range of previously published seawater values. A comparison between δ11B determined by d‐DIHEN MC‐ICP‐MS and positive‐TIMS (P‐TIMS) for four modern corals showed an excellent agreement (with bias of less than 0.4‰).

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“…A shortened standard demountable torch facilitated direct sample injection using conventional and micro-pneumatic nebulizers. 102 Optimum operating conditions for a high-efficiency nebulizer in the short torch were similar to those of a direct injection high efficiency nebulizer (DIHEN) in a conventional torch: high rf power (1500 W), low nebulizer gas flow rates (0.09 l min À1 ) and low solution uptake rates (5-85 ml min À1 ). However, the plasma gas flow rate was higher (18 l min À1 instead of 15 l min À1 ) to facilitate tangential gas flow around the shorter intermediate tube.…”

Section: Nebulizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Atomic spectrometry update. Atomic mass spectrometry

Bacon¹,

Linge

Parrish

et al. 2007

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Direct solution introduction using conventional nebulizers with a short torch for plasma mass spectrometry

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

MC-ICPMS isotope ratio measurements using an ultra-low flow sample introduction system

MC-ICPMS isotope ratio measurements using an ultra-low flow sample introduction system

MC‐ICP‐MS Isotope Measurements with Direct Injection Nebulisation (d‐DIHEN): Optimisation and Application to Boron in Seawater and Carbonate Samples

Atomic spectrometry update. Atomic mass spectrometry

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