Direct sorbitol proton exchange membrane fuel cell using moderate catalyst loadings

Liquid fuel cells

“…Increasing the KOH concentration to 7 M, in combination with a PdNi anode and a non-platinum HYPERMEC TM cathode (Acta), resulted in a substantial increase in power density to 38 mW/cm 2 at 60 °C [ 120 ]. Sorbitol and xylose were also used as fuels but demonstrated slightly slower kinetics [ 121 – 122 ]. The performance of the fuel cells with carbohydrate fuels significantly decreased with time, which was partially attributed to sorbitol and glucose crossover-poisoning the Pt/C cathode [ 121 ].…”

“…Sorbitol and xylose were also used as fuels but demonstrated slightly slower kinetics [ 121 – 122 ]. The performance of the fuel cells with carbohydrate fuels significantly decreased with time, which was partially attributed to sorbitol and glucose crossover-poisoning the Pt/C cathode [ 121 ].…”

Electrocatalytic Upgrading of Biomass‐Derived Intermediate Compounds to Value‐Added Products

“…[54] As included in Figure 19, depending on whether the terminal or secondary alcohol group is oxidized, sorbitolc an be potentially transformed to fructose, sorbose, glucose, or gulose. [57] Nearly two decades ago,e lectrochemical oxidation of sorbitolw as carried out on Pt and in situ IR studies pointed out that during sorbitol oxidation the produced CO would severelyp oison the Pt surfacew hile the resulting glucose,g luconic acid, and CO 2 were not adsorbed on the electrode, among which glucose was the dominant oxidation product. Unfortunately,h igh purity of glucosei sr equiredf or this enzyme-catalyzed production to minimize the deactivation of the enzyme.T he direct oxidation of sorbitolt of ructoseo rs orbose are also enzyme-catalyzed by sorbitoldehydrogenase.…”

“…It should be notedt hat sorbitolh as been investigated as ab iofuel on Pt for fuel cell applications, but in this case no value-added products are obtained. [57] Nearly two decades ago,e lectrochemical oxidation of sorbitolw as carried out on Pt and in situ IR studies pointed out that during sorbitol oxidation the produced CO would severelyp oison the Pt surfacew hile the resulting glucose,g luconic acid, and CO 2 were not adsorbed on the electrode, among which glucose was the dominant oxidation product. [58] More recently,K oper et al reported another electrochemistry study for the oxidation of sorbitol on Pt.…”

“…Due to the limited scalability and strict reaction conditions of enzyme catalysis, low‐cost alternative catalytic strategies, such as electrocatalysis, are highly desirable for the oxidation of sorbitol. It should be noted that sorbitol has been investigated as a biofuel on Pt for fuel cell applications, but in this case no value‐added products are obtained . Nearly two decades ago, electrochemical oxidation of sorbitol was carried out on Pt and in situ IR studies pointed out that during sorbitol oxidation the produced CO would severely poison the Pt surface while the resulting glucose, gluconic acid, and CO 2 were not adsorbed on the electrode, among which glucose was the dominant oxidation product .…”