Direct spectrophotometry of total bile acids in serum.

Mashige, Fumiko; Tanaka, Naomi; Maki, Akemichi; Kamei, Shigeru; Yamanaka, Masami

doi:10.1093/clinchem/27.8.1352

Cited by 263 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…Hundred microliter was used to determine the soluble bile salts concentration. The concentration was determined with the colourimetric assay of Mashige et al (1981) using the bile salts-fully enzymatic colour Merckotest kit (Merck, Durmstadt, Germany).…”

Section: Bile Salt Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bile salt deconjugation by Lactobacillus plantarum 80 and its implication for bacterial toxicity

Boever

Verstraete

1999

J Appl Microbiol

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. 1999. The effects of bile salts on the survival of lactobacilli were investigated using glycocholic acid, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid as model compounds and the bile salt hydrolase active Lactobacillus plantarum 80 (BSH + ) and its BSH negative mutant. The detrimental effects of cholic acid, i.e. growth inhibition and cytotoxicity at a concentration of 1 and 5 mmol l , respectively, were considered to be due to the hydrophobic protonated form of the molecule, which brings about membrane damage. The conversion of glycocholic acid to cholic acid by the BSH active L. plantarum 80 caused a growth inhibition which was comparable with the inhibition observed in the broth supplemented with 1 mmol l −1 cholic acid. Deoxycholic acid caused toxicity through membrane damage when the compound was in solution. Its toxicity disappeared in the culture broth as the molecule precipitated. In case of cholic acid, the toxicity could be removed by buffering the solution at pH 7·0. It was calculated that at this pH most of the cholic acid molecules were ionized. The results led to the formulation of an extended hypothesis about the ecological significance of bile salt transformations. Primary deconjugation is carried out to counteract intracellular acidification. Yet, the deconjugated molecule can be harmful at moderately acidic pH-values. In this case, the BSH + strains could effectively profit from their activity in case they are associated with 7a-dehydroxylating bacteria which dehydroxylate the deconjugated bile salts. The dehydroxylated molecule has a low solubility and precipitates at moderately acidic pH.

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Section: Bile Salt Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bile salt deconjugation by Lactobacillus plantarum 80 and its implication for bacterial toxicity

Boever

Verstraete

1999

J Appl Microbiol

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“…Plasma, liver, and bile lipid were extracted, the lipid fractions separated by thin-layer chromatography, and the PL, triglyceride, and cholesterol ester fatty acids analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography (29). The bile lipid extracts were exposed to fluorescent light overnight to permit photodegradation of biliary pigments, prior to quantifying total cholesterol, total bile acids (30), and PL (31). Total protein was determined according to the method of Lowry et al (32) using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a standard.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary phospholipid alters biliary lipid composition in formula‐fed piglets

Devlin

Innis

1999

Lipids

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Plasma cholesterol, arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) are higher in breast-fed infants than in infants fed formula without cholesterol, AA, or DHA. This study investigated differences in plasma, hepatic, and bile lipids and phospholipid fatty acids, and expression of hepatic proteins involved in sterol metabolism that result from feeding formula with cholesterol with egg phospholipid to provide AA and DHA. For this study, three groups of piglets were evaluated: piglets fed formula with 0.65 mmol/L cholesterol, the same formula with 0.8% AA and 0.2% DHA from egg phospholipid, and piglets fed sow milk. Piglets fed the formula with phospholipid AA and DHA had higher plasma high density lipoprotein, but not apoprotein (apo) B cholesterol or triglyceride; higher bile acid and phospholipid concentrations in bile; and higher liver and bile phospholipid AA and DHA than piglets fed formula without AA and DHA (P < 0.05). Hydroxy methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase and 7-alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzymes of cholesterol and bile acid synthesis, respectively, and low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA levels were not different between piglets fed formula without and with phospholipid AA and DHA, but HMG-CoA reductase and 7alpha-hydroxylase mRNA were higher, and plasma apo B containing lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in all piglets fed formula than in piglets fed milk. These studies show that supplementing formula with AA and DHA from egg phospholipid alters bile metabolism by increasing the bile AA and DHA, and bile acid and phospholipid.

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“…Bile volume was determined gravimetrically with a density of 1 gm/ml beingassumed. Total 3u-hydroxy bile acid concentration in the bile was measured enzymatically (27) before solvolysis (nonsulfated bile acids) and after solvolysis (total bile acids). The bile acid output was calculated by multiplying the bile flow rate by the bile salt concentration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism and effect of 7-oxo-lithocholic acid 3-sulfate on bile flow and biliary lipid secretion in rats

Yamashita¹

1994

Hepatology

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Significant amounts of oxo and sulfated bile acids are excreted in the urine of patients with cholestatic liver diseases, but these bile acid species are found only in traces in bile. Several possible explanations for this finding include poor canalicular secretion, rapid biotransformation by oxidoreduction and extrahepatic sulfation of oxo bile acids. To assess the physiological actions and hepatic metabolism of oxo and sulfated bile acids, we synthesized 7-oxo-lithocholic acid 3-sulfate, examined the effect of intravenous infusion of this bile acid (5.0 mumol/min/kg body wt) on bile flow and biliary lipid secretion in Sprague-Dawley rats with a bile fistula and compared this effect with that of the unconjugated analog, 7-oxo-lithocholic acid, and the primary bile acid conjugate, chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate. Bile flow and bile acid secretion increased immediately after infusion of all three bile acids. The highly polar 7-oxo-lithocholic acid 3-sulfate significantly reduced the biliary secretion of phospholipids (p < 0.05) and cholesterol (p < 0.05), but by contrast the more hydrophobic analog, 7-oxo-lithocholic acid, caused a significant increase in the biliary phospholipids (p < 0.001) and cholesterol (p < 0.01) secretion. Infusion of chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate also resulted in an increase in secretion of biliary cholesterol and phospholipids, but the magnitude of the change was less than that induced by 7-oxo-lithocholic acid infusion. Biliary lipid secretion was inversely related to the polarity of the infused bile acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Direct spectrophotometry of total bile acids in serum.

Cited by 263 publications

References 0 publications

Bile salt deconjugation by Lactobacillus plantarum 80 and its implication for bacterial toxicity

Bile salt deconjugation by Lactobacillus plantarum 80 and its implication for bacterial toxicity

Dietary phospholipid alters biliary lipid composition in formula‐fed piglets

Metabolism and effect of 7-oxo-lithocholic acid 3-sulfate on bile flow and biliary lipid secretion in rats

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