“…When the grid voltage is high, it absorbs limited photovoltaic power, stabilizes the grid voltage, and prevents the inverter from shutting down due to excessive voltage; On the other hand, when the grid voltage is low, the amount of electricity is released regularly to ensure that the photovoltaic power generation is not abandoned. With the increase in photovoltaic power generation capacity, the use of products such as intelligent hybrid inverters [5] and energy storage devices is also gradually increasing. Nevertheless, the financing, sizing, and other factors make it unsuitable for the end-of-the-grid application.…”