Direct Submentoplasty for Neck Rejuvenation

Abstract

Facial plastic surgeons commonly see patients with submental laxity and an excess of skin and fat in the upper neck. This has colloquially been called the "turkey gobbler" deformity. In some cases, this deformity is the patient's only aesthetic concern, and full face-lift surgery is not desired. In this study, we reviewed the English-language peer-reviewed literature for descriptions of direct excisional submentoplasty techniques. Various designs for skin excision and wound closure have been used by surgeons over the past several decades. This article summarizes the surgical technique as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Furthermore, we propose an approach that incorporates many of the other designs but to our knowledge has not been described previously in the peer-reviewed literature. An understanding of these numerous approaches will better enable facial plastic surgeons to appropriately address and correct patient aesthetic concerns.

ATX-101 (deoxycholic acid injection) for reduction of submental fat

“…In addition, there were no clinically meaningful changes in the plasma concentrations of various proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 15, tumor necrosis factor α, adiponectin, apolipoprotein B, insulin, leptin, and resistin, following ATX-101 administration [46]. 6. Identification of the optimal safe and effective dose of ATX-101 for reduction of SMF The Phase II clinical program for ATX-101 included dose-ranging studies that evaluated various concentrations and injection volumes, different spacing of injections, and four and six maximum treatment sessions with ATX-101 (summarized in Table 1).…”

“…Furthermore, a strong chin has been associated with self-confidence, authority, and trustworthiness [5], whereas submental convexity or fullness can make an individual appear overweight and older. One common cause of submental fullness is accumulation of submental fat (SMF), which often presents as a double chin [6,7]. Although weight gain secondary to diet and lifestyle can contribute to accumulation of SMF [8,9], aging [8,10,11], and genetics [8,9] play a major role.…”

Midcheek and Lower Face/Neck Rejuvenation in the Male Patient

“…Skin and submental fat can be excised with an irregular, vertical closure that breaks up the scar and makes it less noticeable. 9,25,26 These procedures are particularly suited for the elderly male patient who has multiple comorbidities, with complaints limited to the cervicomental angle, and in whom a prolonged general anesthetic is contraindicated.…”

Neck rejuvenation by direct anterior medial cervicoplasty: the modified zigzag‐plasty according to Tschopp

“…For isolated cervicoplasty of the anterior neck, various surgical procedures have been reported (Ref. ; Table ).…”

“…[1][2][3][4] Several classification schemes for the neck appearance have been proposed. 2,3,5,6 Guerrerosantos 6 defined an anatomical classification of aesthetic neck deformities of elderly patients as follows:…”