Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide: Recent Advances

Centi, Gabriele; Abate, Salvatore

doi:10.1002/9783527627547.ch8

Cited by 56 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 93 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As Centi et al emphasized, nowadays in reality, almost all the research groups have abandoned this idea and operate in the inherently safer gas concentration interval. 5 [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] Generally, the reactor volumes used have been varied from 50 to 600 mL. As a common safety measure in all the systems where the catalyst is a powder, a slurry with a solvent or deionised water has been prepared before feeding the gaseous reactants since upon contact a H 2 -O 2 mixture and a dry Pd-catalyst may result in an explosion.…”

Section: Tapio O Salmimentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering in direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide: targets, reactors and guidelines for operational conditions

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The demand for hydrogen peroxide is booming since it is considered as one of the most environmentally friendly and versatile chemical oxidants available and has a wide range of applications. The annual market, close to 3000 kt per year being produced via the auto-oxidation process (with 2-ethyl anthraquinone (traditional) or amyl anthraquinone for mega-plants), is mostly supplied by the company Solvay (30%), followed by Evonik (20%) and Arkema (13%). Nevertheless, the dream of a direct synthesis process is close to a century old and it has gained momentum in research efforts during the last decade with more than 15 groups active in the world. In this review, we focus the discussion on the targets, e.g. plant tonnage, the reactors and the most feasible industrial operational conditions, based on our experience and point of view using the chemical engineering tools available. Thus, direct synthesis can be competitive when on-site production is required and capacities less than 10 kt per year are He has led and participated in 3 EU, 6 national/regional projects and 10+ SME contracts and has published 30+ research papers. Teresa MorenoTeresa Moreno obtained her degree in Chemical Engineering from Complutense University (Madrid, Spain) and later completed her PhD in Chemical Engineering at the University of Valladolid (Spain, 2011) studying the catalytic direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide in supercritical CO 2 and the online determination of the product using Raman spectroscopy. She is currently a Research Scientist in the Industrial Bioactive Technologies Group at Callaghan Innovation (New Zealand) working on the development of processes for adding value to natural materials toward high value products and applications, including the development of sustainable technologies using supercritical fluids. View Article OnlineView Journal | View Issue and semi-continuous modes of operation. However, at the moment, demonstrations of continuous operations as well as carefully determined kinetics are needed in order to scale up the process. Finally, operational conditions, including the catalyst composition (active metal, oxidation state and support), promoters (halides and acids-pH-isoelectric point), solvents, pressure and temperature need to be carefully analysed. In our opinion, as we try to show here, H 2 O 2 direct synthesis is a competitive process and is ready for larger scale demonstration. Also, more than a hundred patents within the area support this claim, although the barriers of technology demonstration and further licensing are still pending.

show abstract

Section: Tapio O Salmimentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering in direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide: targets, reactors and guidelines for operational conditions

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical commodity used in various applications ranging from the pulp and paper industry to chemical synthesis 1 . The antraquinone auto-oxidation (or Riedl-Pfleiderer) process is the current industrial method of choice to produce hydrogen peroxide, notwithstanding that it suffers from numerous drawbacks such as large capital expenditures (CAPEX), the necessity of large scale plants and efficient post-process waste-water treatment facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the role of bromide in the H₂O₂ direct synthesis with the catalyst wet pretreatment method (CWPM)

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A tailor-made Pd 0 /K2621 catalyst was subjected to post synthesis modification via a wet treatment procedure. The aim was the understanding of the role of promoters and how -if any -improvements could be qualitatively related to the catalyst performance for the H 2 O 2 direct synthesis. The Catalyst Wet Pretreatment Method (CWPM) was applied in different methanolic solutions containing H 2 O 2 , NaBr and H 3 PO 4 , either as single modifiers or as a mixture. The catalyst was characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). It was concluded that the modified catalysts give rise to higher selectivities compared to the pristine reference catalyst thus opening a possibility to exclude the addition of the undesirable selectivity enhancers in the reaction medium. This work provides original evidence on the role of promoters, especially bromide, allowing the formulation of a new reaction mechanism for one of the most ISCRE 24 -Foundations and

show abstract

“…10 The direct synthesis of H 2 O 2 on site allows the costs and hazards associated with the transport and handling of concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions to be considerably reduced or eliminated. 7,8,11 However, there are still productivity and safety issues to be addressed and improved to render this process industrially applicable. 7,11 The direct process has attracted a renewed interest after 1980 because of the increased demand for H 2 O 2 due to new environmental perspectives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2,7,8,11,15 Hydrogen−oxygen mixtures are explosive for a wide range of concentrations, 8,11 therefore the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen needs to be kept outside the explosive region, alternatively an inert gas, such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, must be added to the reaction mixture, which obviously reduces productivity. 1,2,23 The other major problem resides in obtaining a good selectivity for hydrogen peroxide, limiting side reactions, because normally the same catalyst that promotes the H 2 O 2 synthesis also induces its decomposition to yield water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,11 The direct process has attracted a renewed interest after 1980 because of the increased demand for H 2 O 2 due to new environmental perspectives. 7,8 The direct hydrogen oxidation process has been extensively investigated, leading to a large number of publications in the past few years. 1−5,12−18 Several patents have been issued since the 1990s, 19−22 but no real industrial application has been accomplished to date for the production of bulk H 2 O 2 , and the direct synthesis process has not been commercialized yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in a Trickle Bed Reactor: Comparison of Pd-Based Catalysts

Biasi

Canu

Menegazzo

et al. 2012

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Palladium catalysts based on different supports, silica (SiO 2 ), zirconia (Z), sulfated ceria (CeS), and sulfated zirconia (ZS), previously tested in a semibatch reactor, were chosen to demonstrate how the direct synthesis process can be improved by continuous operation in a three-phase fixed bed. The gas and liquid flow rates were systematically varied to find suitable combinations for a maximum hydrogen peroxide production rate and selectivity. Different catalysts gave the same results in terms of selectivity and production rate with different operating conditions. A selectivity of 60% and 70% was found with two different catalysts (namely, Pd-ZS and Pd-CeS). Very interestingly those selectivities were found with different gas and liquid flow rates (i.e., 70% of selectivity for Pd-ZS with liquid 1 mL/min and gas 2.7 mL/min, liquid 0.5 mL/min MeOH and gas 4 mL/ min, and finally liquid 2 mL/min MeOH and gas 1 mL/min 65% of selectivity for Pd-CeS with liquid 1 mL/min and gas 4 mL/ min). Moreover, the same maximum production rate of H 2 O 2 around 3 μmol/min for Pd-CeS, Pd-ZS, and Pd-Z was achieved with different liquid and gas flow rates. Continuous operation and reactor technology play important roles in this green synthesis: optimization of gas and liquid flow rates and contact time between the liquid and the solid (catalysts) phase lead to a dramatic selectivity improvement in a continuous reactor, raising the value obtained in the semibatch reactor from 30% to 70%.

show abstract

Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide: Recent Advances

Cited by 56 publications

References 93 publications

Engineering in direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide: targets, reactors and guidelines for operational conditions

Engineering in direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide: targets, reactors and guidelines for operational conditions

Revealing the role of bromide in the H₂O₂ direct synthesis with the catalyst wet pretreatment method (CWPM)

Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in a Trickle Bed Reactor: Comparison of Pd-Based Catalysts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide: Recent Advances

Cited by 56 publications

References 93 publications

Engineering in direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide: targets, reactors and guidelines for operational conditions

Engineering in direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide: targets, reactors and guidelines for operational conditions

Revealing the role of bromide in the H2O2 direct synthesis with the catalyst wet pretreatment method (CWPM)

Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in a Trickle Bed Reactor: Comparison of Pd-Based Catalysts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Revealing the role of bromide in the H₂O₂ direct synthesis with the catalyst wet pretreatment method (CWPM)