Direct synthesis of LPG from carbon dioxide over hybrid catalysts comprising modified methanol synthesis catalyst and β-type zeolite☆

A Well‐Defined Core–Shell‐Structured Capsule Catalyst for Direct Conversion of CO2 into Liquefied Petroleum Gas

“…Two main routes for the synthesis of LPG are known. In the CO 2 –MeOH route, high CO 2 conversion and LPG selectivity was obtained with a catalyst comprising CuZnAl and Hβ zeolite, whereas a metal oxide (In 2 O 3 ) and H‐ZSM‐5 zeolite coupled catalyst gave low CO 2 conversion and LPG selectivity . Moreover, a large amount of undesired CO was produced.…”

“…However, it always exhibits an extensive reaction rate for the RWGS reaction, which is favored both kinetically and thermodynamically under higher temperatures, and produces a large amount of undesired CO. For example, Li and co‐workers achieved high LPG selectivity of 74.8 % among all hydrocarbons at of 25.2 % CO 2 conversion. However, the undesired CO selectivity was as high as 46.7 %, owing to the RWGS reaction . Moreover, owing to sintering of Cu, Cu‐based catalysts are likely to undergo rapid deactivation under the required pressurized atmosphere of CO 2 and H 2 O, as well as high temperature .…”

LPG Direct Synthesis from Syngas over a Cu/ZnO/ZrO2/Al2O3@H‐β Zeolite Capsule Catalyst Prepared by a Facile Physical Method

“…Over a billion people and a lot of firms across the world depend on LPG owing to its extensive advantages, among them; low storage and transportation costs [wlpga.org]. LPG has a high octane number (≥95) which almost equates it to super grade leaded petrol, making it highly suitable for powering automotive engines, thus LPG can be a significant substitute of petroleum‐based fuels . In response to the high global demand for LPG, more advanced, ecofriendly and cost effective strategies have to be developed with urgency to keep the supply above the demand.…”

Synthesis of C2+ hydrocarbons by CO2 hydrogenation over the composite catalyst of Cu–Zn–Al oxide and HB zeolite using two-stage reactor system under low pressure

“…On the other hand, the production of H 2 O by reversed water-gas-shift (RWGS) reaction as an inevitable side reaction restricted the methanol synthesis more intensely, decreasing the equilibrium conversions to only 1.88 % (250 C) and 0.34 % (300 C) [20,21]. 4 The composite catalyst process, where the methanol synthesis and the MTG reaction are carried out concurrently in one catalyst bed, is known to overcome the thermodynamic limitation of the methanol synthesis [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. The irreversible MTG reaction shifts the equilibrium of the methanol synthesis to produce C 2+ hydrocarbons free from the thermodynamic restriction as shown in Fig.…”

“…1. The CO 2 hydrogenation over the composite catalysts have been examined and revealed that the proper selections of methanol synthesis catalysts and zeolites achieved the good performances of C 2+ hydrocarbon productions [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. However, these good catalytic activities are generally exhibited at high temperature (>350 C) and under high pressure (>3 MPa).…”